DIffusion/Osmosis

Question 1

what consists of the solvent and the solute that are dissolved in water

Answer 1

an aqueous solution

Question 2

occurs when there is a concentration difference between two regions of a solution

Answer 2

net diffusion

Question 3

equalizes the concentrations of regions and eliminates the concentration difference

Answer 3

diffusion

Question 4

consists of a double layer of phospholipids

Answer 4

the plasma membrane

Question 5

occurs by diffusion between cells and their extracellular environments

Answer 5

gas exchange

Question 6

the net diffusion of water molecules across the membrane

Answer 6

osmosis

Question 7

located through the membrane the permit passage of ions

Answer 7

ion channels

Question 8

what does the rate of diffusion depend on

Answer 8

1. steepness of the concentration gradient
2. permeability of the membrane to the diffusing substances
3. temperature of the solution
4. surface area of the membrane

Question 9

what does the membrane need to be in order for osmosis to occur

Answer 9

selectively permeable

Question 10

what are the two requirements for osmosis

Answer 10

1. there must be a difference in the concentration of a solute on the two sides of a selectively permeable membrane
2. the membrane must be relatively impermeable to the solute

Question 11

solutes that cannot freely pass through the membrane can promote the osmotic movement of water are said to be

Answer 11

osmotically active

Question 12

what is the osmosis movement of water

Answer 12

water moves from the solution of lesser solute concentration (higher water concentration) to the solution of greater solute concentration (lower water concentration)

Question 13

what are aquaporins

Answer 13

water channels that allow specific proteins that are present in the plasma membrane through

Question 14

which ions are osmotically active

Answer 14

polar molecules, glucose, and ions

Question 15

the pressure needed to just stop osmosis

Answer 15

osmotic pressure

Question 16

term used to describe the effect of a solution on the osmotic movement of water

Answer 16

tonicity

Question 17

solutions that have a lower total concentration of solutes than that of plasma, and therefore a lower osmotic pressure are

Answer 17

hypoosmotic

Question 18

red blood cells placed in hypotonic solutions gain water and may burst

Answer 18

hemolysis

Question 19

the common characteristics of enzymes and carrier proteins

Answer 19

specificity, competition, and saturation

Question 20

requires ATP and movement of molecules against their concentration gradient

Answer 20

active transport

Question 21

directly achieved by hydrolysis of ATP

Answer 21

primary active transport

Question 22

which pumps function through primary active transport

Answer 22

1. Na/K
2. Hydrogen
3. Ca

Question 23

terms that mean two different molecules are transported together in the same direction

Answer 23

cotransport and symport