Difficult to culture/Nonculturable Bacteria

Question 0

Helicobacter are distinguished by: (2)

Answer 0

1. Gram -ve

2. Spiral

Question 1

Helicobacter and Treponema are “BLANKS”

Answer 1

Spirochetes

Question 2

3 pathogenic features of H. pylori

Answer 2

1. Acid resistant
2. Resides in stomach
3. cagA gene (aids in forming ulcers)

Question 3

3 features of Treponema

Answer 3

1. Spirochete
2. Tightly wound
3. Cannot gram stain

Question 4

2 virulence factors of Treponema pallidum

Answer 4

1. Lack of proteins on outer membrane

2. Antigenic variation

Question 5

Clinical significance of Treponema pallidum (4)

Answer 5

1. Primary symphilis (painless chancre)
2. 2ndry syphilis: myalgia, headache, fever, rash on palms
3. tertiary syphilis: neurosyphilis (paralysis, tabes dorsalis), cardiovascular syphilis (aortic lesions, heart failure)
4. Congenital syphilis (facial and tooth abnormalities)

Question 6

The genus Mycobacterium are (BLANK-BLANK) bacilli

Answer 6

Acid-fast

Question 7

4 features of Mycobacterium

Answer 7

1. Non-spore forming, non-motile
2. Special Ziehl-Neelson staining needed
3. Slow growing
4. Fastidious growth requirements

Question 8

2 virulence factors of M. tuberculosis

Answer 8

1. Survives and multiplies in alveolar macrophages

2. Carried to lymphatics and can start other foci of infection

Question 9

Clinical significance of M. tuberculosis (4)

Answer 9

1. Primary pulmonary disease
2. Reactivation disease
3. Disseminated disease
4. Global problem

Question 10

Pathogenicity of Mycobacterium avium complex

Answer 10

Inhibits lysosome-phagosome fusion

Question 11

Clinical significance of Mycobacterium avium complex (3)

Answer 11

1. Pulmonary disease
2. Disseminated infection in AIDS patients
3. Opportunistic infection in immunocompromised hosts

Question 12

Can Mycoplasma spp be gram stained?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

2 features of Mycoplasma spp.

Answer 13

1. No cell wall

2. Need special growth media

Question 14

Genital mycoplasma (M. hominis, M. genitalium) are resistant to what class of antibiotics?

Answer 14

Beta-lactams

Question 15

What disorder does Genital mycoplasma cause in males?

Answer 15

Non-gonococcal urethritis

Question 16

Pathogenicity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 16

Polyclonal T-cell and B-cell activators trigger formation of cold agglutinins (clump RBCs)

Question 17

Clinical significance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (3)

Answer 17

1. Atypical pneumonia
2. Dermatologic involvement
3. Cardiac and neurologic complications

Question 18

Which genus(s) of bacteria are considered obligate intracellular pathogens?

Answer 18

1. Chlamydia

2. Rickettsia

Question 19

2 features of Chlamydia/Chlamydophila

Answer 19

1. Non-culturable, needs living cells

2. Intracellular

Question 20

Pathogenicity of Chlamydia trachomatis (2)

Answer 20

1. Complicated intracellular lifecycle

2. Inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion

Question 21

8 presentations of Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 21

1. Urethritis
2. Epididymitis
3. Proctitis
4. Cervicitis
5. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
6. Conjunctivitis
7. Infants: conjunctivitis, pneumonitis
8. Lymphogranuloma venereum

Question 22

What is the vector of Chlamydiaphila psittaci?

Answer 22

Birds

Question 23

Chlamydophila psittaci causes which disease?

Answer 23

Atypical pneumonia

Question 24

3 features of Rickettsia

Answer 24

1. Small, gram -ve
2. Requires living cells for growth
3. Zoonotic infections caused by ticks/mites/fleas

Question 25

What disease is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii?

Answer 25

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (fever and rash)

Question 26

Pathogenicity of R. rickettsii (2)

Answer 26

1. Tick vector

2. Cell to cell spread