Antiviral Drugs Flashcards
What is the clinical application of Acyclovir?
Treatment of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) and HSV encephalitis
What is the mechanism of action of Acyclovir?
It is converted to acyclovir monophosphate by virus-specific thymidine kinase then further converted to acyclovir triphosphate by other enzymes. Acyclovir triphosphate inhibits DNA synthesis and viral replication by competing with dGTP for viral DNA pol and being incorporated into viral DNA.
What is the mechanism of action of Valacyclovir?
Rapidly and nearly completely converted to acyclovir by intestinal and hepatic metabolism. Acyclovir is then made into acyclovir triphosphate, which inhibits DNA synthesis and viral replication by competing with dGTP for viral DNA pol and being incorporated into vital DNA.
What is the clinical application of Valacyclovir?
Herpes Zoster (Shingles), Tx of genital herpes, suppression of recurrent genital herpes and reduction in transmission of genital herpes, suppression of genital herpes in HIV pt’s, Tx of Herpes labialis (cold sores), chickenpox
What is the mechanism of action of Gancyclovir?
It is phosphorylated to a substrate which competitively inhibits the binding of dGTP to DNA pol, resulting in inhibition of viral DNA synthesis
What is the clinical application of Gancyclovir?
Tx of CMV retinitis in immunocompromised pt’s (i.e. AIDS), prophylaxis of CMV infection in transplant pt’s
What is the mechanism of action of Amantadine?
It blocks the uncoating of influenza A virus, preventing penetration of virus into host cell. Inhibits the M2 ion channel, which acidifies the virion allowing for uncoating.
What is the clinical application of Amantadine?
Prophylaxis and Tx of influenza A
What is the mechanism of action of oseltamivir?
Is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed to its active form - oseltamivir carboxylate (OC). OC inhibits influenza virus neuraminidase, an enzyme known to cleave the budding viral progeny from its cellular envelope attachment point (neuraminic acid) just prior to release.
What is the clinical application of Oseltamivir?
Tx of uncomplicated acute illness due to influenza (A or B) in kids > 2 and adults who have been symptomatic for no more than 2 days. Prophylaxis against influenza (A or B) in kids > 1 and adults.
In addition to Oseltamivir, what is another antiviral agent that covers both influenza A and B?
Zanamavir (inhaled)
