Differentiation Flashcards
1
Q
What is differentiation
A
When unspecialised cells acquire soecialsied structures to carry out a specific function
2
Q
How are RBC specialised
A
- Haemoglobin which carries oxygen molecules
- No nucleus so there’s more space for oxygen
- Biconcave to have a larger surface area
3
Q
How are sperm cells specialised
A
- Flagellum for movement
- Mitochondria in the mid piece for energy
- Nucleus contains DNA
- Too of head contains acrosomes which contain enzymes that can break through the egg for fertilisation
- Sperm cells are produced in large numbers so there’s a higher change of fertilisation
4
Q
How are egg cells specialised
A
- Cytoplasm contains nutrients so the embryo grows
- Cell membrane changes after fertilisation so no more sperm can enter
- Nucleus contains DNA
5
Q
How are nerve cells specialised
A
- Thin so they can carry messages quickly
- Nerve cells have branched connections so they can join to other nerve cells
- They have a myelin sheath which increases the speed of which the message travels at
6
Q
How are muscle cells specialised
A
- Cardiac muscle cells contract and relax to pump blood around our bodies for our entires lives
- Smooth muscle cells make us thin sheets of muscle like the stomach lining
- Skeletal muscle is attached to bones so cells contract to make bones move and joints bend
7
Q
How are villi specialised
A
- Large surface area
- Thin walls
- Lining has tiny hairs to absorb more food/water
8
Q
How are RHC specialised
A
- Roots are small branches that travel into the soil beneath to maximise surface area
- On the outside, the roots are covered with tiny hairs which increases the surface area
- No chloroplasts as they are underground
9
Q
How are palisade cells specialised
A
- Lots of chloroplasts
- Towards tops of leaves that maximise light intake
10
Q
How are xylem cells specialised
A
- Lignin that supports the cell
- Xylem cells die and the ends break down to not stop the flow of water
- Thick cell walls to support plant
11
Q
How are phloem cells specialised
A
- Made up of companies cells that have many mitochondria to release energy to transport sugar
- Made of living cells
