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Obs and Gynae > Differentials for Sx > Flashcards

Differentials for Sx Flashcards

To think in reverse which Sx can be caused by which diseases

1
Q

Diseases that can cause menorrhagia?

A
  1. Fibroids (occurs in 30% of these cases)
  2. Endometriosis
  3. Adenomyosis
  4. Uterine polyps
  5. Endometrial carcinoma (more PMB)
  6. (IUCD)
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2
Q

Diseases that can cause IMB?

A
  1. Fibroids
  2. Ectopic pregnancy
  3. Ovarian cysts
  4. STIs (e.g. chlamydia)
  5. Ectropion
  6. Cervical cancer
  7. Vaginal dryness / rough sex
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3
Q

Diseases that can cause dysmenorrhoea?

A
  1. Fibroids
  2. Endometriosis (often cyclical)
  3. Adenomyosis
  4. Pelvic inflammatory disease
  5. Cervical stenosis
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4
Q

Diseases that can cause urinary frequency?

A
  1. Fibroids (if pressing on bladder)
  2. Urinary infection
  3. Pelvic mass compressing the bladder (e.g. fibroids)
  4. Overactive bladder
  5. Urodynamic stress incontinence
  6. Ovarian cyst
  7. Diuretics (or food/ drinks that act like this e.g. caffeine)
  8. UTI
  9. Interstitial cystitis
  10. STIs
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5
Q

Diseases that can cause urinary retention?

A
  1. Fibroids (though this is rare)
  2. Cystocele
  3. Urethral stricture (e.g. from previous surgery, recurrent UTIs etc.)
  4. Urinary tract stones
  5. Constipation (faeces constrict urethra, particularly if a rectocele is present)
  6. Anticholinergics
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6
Q

Diseases that can cause subfertility?

A
  1. Fibroids (if blocking tubal ostia or preventing implantation)
  2. Endometriosis
  3. PCOS
  4. Male problems e.g. low sperm count
  5. Hyperprolactinaemia
  6. Over- or underactive thyroid
  7. PID causing Fallopian tube damage
  8. Primary ovarian failure
  9. Cancer and radiotherapy
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7
Q

Diseases that can cause abdominal pain?

A
  1. Ectopic pregnancy (acute)
  2. Ovarian cyst (chronic dull ache)
  3. Ovarian accidents (acute)
  4. Endometriosis
  5. Bowel issues (IBD, IBS, appendicitis, constipation etc.)
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8
Q

Diseases that can cause primary amenorrhoea?

A
  1. Premature ovarian failure
  2. Turner’s syndrome
  3. Mullerian agenesis
  4. Androgen insensitivity
  5. Imperforate hymen
  6. Transverse vaginal septum
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9
Q

Diseases that can cause stress incontinence?

A
  1. Urinary stress incontinence

2. Iatrogenically (e.g. during surgery to womb etc.)

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10
Q

Diseases that can cause urgency?

A
  1. Urinary infection
  2. Bladder pathology
  3. Pelvic mass compressing bladder
  4. Overactive bladder
  5. Urodynamic stress incontinence
  6. Cystocele
  7. Obesity
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11
Q

Diseases that can cause a dragging sensation, discomfort and heaviness in the pelvis?

A
  1. Uterovaginal prolapse
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12
Q

Diseases that can cause dyspareunia?

A
  1. Uterovaginal prolapse
  2. Ovarian cyst (specifically endometrioma)
  3. Endometriosis (deep)
  4. STIs e.g. chlamydia, gonorrhoea, thrush
  5. Vaginal dryness e.g. after menopause
  6. Vaginismus
  7. Irritation to vagina e.g. soaps
  8. PID
  9. Fibroids near vagina or cervix
  10. IBS
  11. Constipation
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13
Q

Diseases that can cause backache?

A
  1. Uterovaginal prolapse
  2. Disc prolapse
  3. Sciatica
  4. Ankylosing spondilitis
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14
Q

Diseases that can cause incomplete bladder emptying?

A
  1. Cystocele
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15
Q

Diseases that can cause constipation?

A
  1. Rectocele
  2. Ovarian cyst
  3. Low fibre diet
  4. Constipation
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16
Q

Diseases that can cause cyclical pain?

A
  1. Ovarian cyst (specifically endometrioma)

2. Endometriosis

17
Q

Diseases that can cause hormonal effects?

A
  1. Ovarian cysts
18
Q

Diseases that can cause dyschezia (painful bowel evacuation)?

A
  1. Endometriosis
19
Q

Diseases that cause dysuria?

A
  1. Endometriosis
20
Q

Diseases that cause secondary amenorrhoea?

A
  1. Uterine causes –> cervical stenosis; Asherman’s syndrome
  2. Ovarian causes –> PCOS; Premature ovarian failure, Ovarian cancer; Chemotherapy; Ooprhectomy
  3. Pituitary causes –> Sheehan’s; Hypopituitarism; Prolactinoma
  4. Hypothalamic causes –> Weight loss; Exercise; Chronic illness; Psychological distress; Idiopathic
  5. Hypothalamic Pituitary damage –> Tumours; Cranial irradiation; Head injuries; Sarcoidosis, TB
  6. Endocrine Illness –> Thyroid disease; Cushing’s disease
  7. Systemic causes –> Contraception; Pregnancy; Normal menopause

Obs and Gynae (19 decks)

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