Differentials for Sx Flashcards
To think in reverse which Sx can be caused by which diseases
Diseases that can cause menorrhagia?
- Fibroids (occurs in 30% of these cases)
- Endometriosis
- Adenomyosis
- Uterine polyps
- Endometrial carcinoma (more PMB)
- (IUCD)
Diseases that can cause IMB?
- Fibroids
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Ovarian cysts
- STIs (e.g. chlamydia)
- Ectropion
- Cervical cancer
- Vaginal dryness / rough sex
Diseases that can cause dysmenorrhoea?
- Fibroids
- Endometriosis (often cyclical)
- Adenomyosis
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Cervical stenosis
Diseases that can cause urinary frequency?
- Fibroids (if pressing on bladder)
- Urinary infection
- Pelvic mass compressing the bladder (e.g. fibroids)
- Overactive bladder
- Urodynamic stress incontinence
- Ovarian cyst
- Diuretics (or food/ drinks that act like this e.g. caffeine)
- UTI
- Interstitial cystitis
- STIs
Diseases that can cause urinary retention?
- Fibroids (though this is rare)
- Cystocele
- Urethral stricture (e.g. from previous surgery, recurrent UTIs etc.)
- Urinary tract stones
- Constipation (faeces constrict urethra, particularly if a rectocele is present)
- Anticholinergics
Diseases that can cause subfertility?
- Fibroids (if blocking tubal ostia or preventing implantation)
- Endometriosis
- PCOS
- Male problems e.g. low sperm count
- Hyperprolactinaemia
- Over- or underactive thyroid
- PID causing Fallopian tube damage
- Primary ovarian failure
- Cancer and radiotherapy
Diseases that can cause abdominal pain?
- Ectopic pregnancy (acute)
- Ovarian cyst (chronic dull ache)
- Ovarian accidents (acute)
- Endometriosis
- Bowel issues (IBD, IBS, appendicitis, constipation etc.)
Diseases that can cause primary amenorrhoea?
- Premature ovarian failure
- Turner’s syndrome
- Mullerian agenesis
- Androgen insensitivity
- Imperforate hymen
- Transverse vaginal septum
Diseases that can cause stress incontinence?
- Urinary stress incontinence
2. Iatrogenically (e.g. during surgery to womb etc.)
Diseases that can cause urgency?
- Urinary infection
- Bladder pathology
- Pelvic mass compressing bladder
- Overactive bladder
- Urodynamic stress incontinence
- Cystocele
- Obesity
Diseases that can cause a dragging sensation, discomfort and heaviness in the pelvis?
- Uterovaginal prolapse
Diseases that can cause dyspareunia?
- Uterovaginal prolapse
- Ovarian cyst (specifically endometrioma)
- Endometriosis (deep)
- STIs e.g. chlamydia, gonorrhoea, thrush
- Vaginal dryness e.g. after menopause
- Vaginismus
- Irritation to vagina e.g. soaps
- PID
- Fibroids near vagina or cervix
- IBS
- Constipation
Diseases that can cause backache?
- Uterovaginal prolapse
- Disc prolapse
- Sciatica
- Ankylosing spondilitis
Diseases that can cause incomplete bladder emptying?
- Cystocele
Diseases that can cause constipation?
- Rectocele
- Ovarian cyst
- Low fibre diet
- Constipation
Diseases that can cause cyclical pain?
- Ovarian cyst (specifically endometrioma)
2. Endometriosis
Diseases that can cause hormonal effects?
- Ovarian cysts
Diseases that can cause dyschezia (painful bowel evacuation)?
- Endometriosis
Diseases that cause dysuria?
- Endometriosis
Diseases that cause secondary amenorrhoea?
- Uterine causes –> cervical stenosis; Asherman’s syndrome
- Ovarian causes –> PCOS; Premature ovarian failure, Ovarian cancer; Chemotherapy; Ooprhectomy
- Pituitary causes –> Sheehan’s; Hypopituitarism; Prolactinoma
- Hypothalamic causes –> Weight loss; Exercise; Chronic illness; Psychological distress; Idiopathic
- Hypothalamic Pituitary damage –> Tumours; Cranial irradiation; Head injuries; Sarcoidosis, TB
- Endocrine Illness –> Thyroid disease; Cushing’s disease
- Systemic causes –> Contraception; Pregnancy; Normal menopause
