Differential Education Achievement Flashcards
What subculture is associated with ‘present-time orientation’? (Lockwood)
Working class
What subculture is associated with ‘future-time orientation’? (Lockwood)
Middle-class
What subculture is associated with ‘immediate gratification’? (Lockwood)
Working-class
What subculture is associated with ‘deferred gratification’? (Lockwood)
Middle-class
What class agrees with ‘collectivism’? (Lockwood)
Working-class
What class argues with ‘individualism’? (Lockwood)
Middle-class
Cultural deprivation : primary socialisation
Douglas (1964-1970)
What did Feinstein (2003) argue?
- Financial deprivation
- Cultural deprivation
Speech patterns : Restricted and elaborated codes
Basil Bernstein (1972)
Who theorised the concept of ‘capital and education achievement’?
Pierre Bourdieu (1984)
The four strands of capital and education
- Economic capital
- Cultural capital
- Social capital
- Symbolic capital
Material factors in schooling
Smith and Noble (1995)
Chavs, charvers and townies
Hollingworth and Williams (2009)
Labelling : Self-fulfilling prophecies
Hargreaves et al. (1975)
Labelling: Peer Groups
- ‘Macho lads’, ‘academic achievers’ and ‘new enterprisers’
Mac an Ghaill (1994)
What percentage of chinese students achieve A*-C level grades?
80.1% of girls and 70% of boys
Who has the lowest level of attainment for ethnic groups?
58.7% (black pupils) and 60.4% (white pupils)
African-Caribbean are held back by high levels of poverty
Strand (2007)
Family life for African-Caribbean boys
Tony Sewell (1997)
Institutional racism
MacPherson (1999)
School exclusions figures (2015)
African-Caribbean pupils were about three times more likely to be excluded from school than the average in England and Wales.
GCSEs statistics for gender difference.
53% of boys gained five or more good GCSEs, compared 62% of girls
What subjects do boys typically choose?
More likely to do business studies, economics, politics, physics and technical subjects
What subject do girls typically choose?
More likely to do English, modern languages, psychology and sociology
Classroom behaviour
Michelle Stanworth (1983)
Girls disadvantage within educational achievement
Francis (2000)
- males still dominate classrooms
- gender divisions in subject choice
Gender inequalities in subject choice
Colley (1998)
Sex stereotyping and socialisation
Norman et al. (1988)
Changes in labour market stats.
The proportion of women of working age in employment has risen from approx. 50% (1960) to more than 75%
Girls’ aspirations: from love and marriage, to careers and employment
Sue Sharpe (1976-1994)
Girls are better organised and willing to draft assignments
Burns and Bracey (2001)
Laddish culture (hegemonic masculinity)
Jackson (2006)
