Different Types of Compounds (NB CH5) Flashcards
Lipids
A diverse group of hydrophobic compounds
Ex: fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, steroids
Triglyceride
What kind of molecule is it?
A molecule made up of a glycerol “head” and a “tail” consisting of three hydrocarbons that also have a polar carboxyl functional group
Lipid
Steroids
What kind of molecule is it?
Lipids with a fused ring structure. All steroids have four linked carbon rings
Lipid
Phospholipids
What kind of molecule is it?
Composed of two fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol molecule. A major part of the cell membrane
Lipid
Amphipathic
Having hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts
Carbohydrates
Have a C:H:O ratio of 1:2:1
Endings for simple carbohydrates
“-ose”
ex: glucose, lactose, dextrose
How to classify simple carbs based on how many C’s
prefix for number followed by “-ose”
ex: triose, pentose, hexose
How to classify simple carbs based on functional group
prefix for functional group followed by “-ose”
ex: ketose, aldose (aldehyde)
How to classify simple carbs based on # of sugar molecules in the chain
prefix for number followed by “-saccharide”
ex: monosaccharide, disaccharide, trisaccharide
Glycosidic bond
A bond between a carbohydrate molecule and another molecule
Glycogen
A common stored form of glucose in humans, the animal equivalent of starch
Which nucleotides are purines? Which are pyramidines?
Adenine and guanine are purines, cytosine, thymine, and uracil are pyramidines
What is the difference between a purine and a pyramidine?
A purine is a double carbon-nitrogen ring, while a pyramidine is a single carbon-nitrogen ring
Amino acids
Made up of a central C bonded to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a H, and a R group
The R group is also called the variable group or the side-chain
How to recognize amino acids
N-C-C pattern
Peptide bond
A covalent bond between two amino acids
Primary structure
The order of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
Secondary structure
The folding patterns of a protein’s polypeptide backbone
Includes alpha helices, beta pleates sheets, and loops (anything that’s not the other two)
Tertiary structure
The overall 3-d shape of a protein
Quaternary structure
The arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains within a protein
