Different types of cells Flashcards
Fungi cell
A basic fungal cell has:
-a nucleus
-a cell membrane
-mitochondria
-cytoplasm
-ribosomes
-cell wall of chitin
6 kingdom classification
Plantae (multicellular, eukaryotic)
Animalia (multicellular, eukaryotic)
Fungi (multicellular, eukaryotic)
Protista (Eukaryotic, multicellular, unicellular)
Eubacteria (Unicellular, prokaryotic)
Archaebacteria (Unicellular, prokaryotic)
Prokaryotic cell
A prokaryotic cell has:
-Pilus
-capsule
-cell wall
-plasma membrane
-nucleoid
-cytoplasm
-ribosomes
-flagellum
Eukaryotes vs Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes have:
Membrane enclosed nucleus
Nucleolus
Mitochondria
They both have:
Ribosomes
Cell membrane
DNA
Prokaryotes have: Nucleoid
Capsule (some prokaryotes)
Cell wall
Flagellum (some eukaryotes)
Similarities and differences of prokaryotes and eukaryotes
They both have ribosomes, DNA, cytoplasm and cell membrane.
Eukaryotes have a nucleus and many different organelles.
Prokaryotes have a capsule, flagellum and cell wall.
Which cells is a nucleus found in?
Animal and plant cells
What is the biological function of a nucleus?
The control center of the cell. It contains DNA.
Which cells is a vacuole found in?
Animal and plant cells
What is the biological function of a vacuole?
Animal cells have many small vacuoles, while plant cells have large vacuoles that store water.
Which cells are lysosomes found in?
Animal and plant cells.
What is the biological function of lysosomes?
Break down molecules so their contents can be recycled
Which cells are ribosomes found in?
Animal, plant and bacteria cells.
What is the biological function of ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis
Which cells is endoplasmic reticulum found in?
Animal and plant cells
What is the biological function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Make proteins and lipids and transport proteins in the cell.
Which cells is golgi apparatus found in?
Animal and plant cells
What is the biological function of the golgi apparatus?
Modifies, sorts and packages proteins for secretion out of the cell or use inside the cell.
Which cells are chloroplasts found in?
Plant cells
What is the biological function of chloroplasts?
Convert light energy into relatively stable chemical energy via the photosynthetic process.
Which cells are mitochondria found in?
Animal and plant cells
What is the biological function of the mitochondria?
Convert glucose in ATP to make energy available to the cell.
Which cells is cell wall found in?
Plant and bacteria cells.
What is the biological function of the cell wall?
Provides structure, support, and protection for the cell.
Which cells is a cell membrane found in?
Animal, plants and bacteria cells
What is the biological function of a cell membrane?
A thin coat of phopholipids surrounds a cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell.
What are specialized cells?
Cells have nucleus, the cytoplasm, the cell membrane but not all cells look the same.
They can have different sizes, different shapes nor do they perform the same functions.
Some cells have become specialised to do special jobs as part of the organ system they belong to.
Examples of specialised cells
Red blood cells, leaf cells, motor neurone cells, sperm cells and plant root hair cells.
What does it mean for a cell to be specialised?
A specialised cell has structure that suits its function.
The size and shape of cells.
The size, shape, and the types of organelles vary among the diversity of existing cells.
Variations
Variations exist among the different organisms but also among the same organism.
Unique role
Each cell has its unique role in helping the body function properly.
How do shapes help
The shapes of each cell help them to fulfill their roles effectively.
