Chapter 1 Keywords

Question 1

What are proteins?

Answer 1

Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They do most of the work in cells.

Question 2

What is the function of DNA?

Answer 2

The function of DNA is to store all of the genetic information that an organism needs to develop, function, and reproduce.

Question 3

Prokaryotes

Answer 3

Prokaryotes are organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles. Most prokaryotes are small, single-celled organisms that have a relatively simple structure.

Question 4

What are eukaryotes?

Answer 4

Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotes may be either single-celled or multicellular.

Question 5

Cell membrane

Answer 5

The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane, is found in all cells and separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

Cytoplasm is the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell. It is composed of water, salts, and various organic molecules.

Question 7

Mitochondrion

Answer 7

Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular) that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions.

Question 8

Ribosomes

Answer 8

A ribosome is the cellular machinery responsible for making proteins. There are many ribosomes in each cell.

Question 9

Cell wall

Answer 9

The cell wall separates the interior contents of the cell from the exterior environment. It also provides shape, support, and protection to the cell and its organelles.

Question 10

Nucleus

Answer 10

A nucleus is the membrane-enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the chromosomes.

Question 11

Animal cells

Answer 11

A type of cell that is seen specifically in animal tissues. It is characterized by the absence of a cell wall, with cell organelles enclosed within the cell membrane.

Question 12

Plant cells

Answer 12

A type of cell that is seen specifically in plant tissue. It is characterized by the presence of a cell wall, chloroplasts and intracellular vacuole.

Question 13

Specialized cells

Answer 13

cells with unique structures and functions in the body

Question 14

Mitosis

Answer 14

Mitosis is the process by which a cell replicates its chromosomes and then segregates them, producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division.

Question 15

Prophase

Answer 15

Prophase is the first phase of mitosis, in which the nucleus is still present and the chromatin condenses to form chromosomes

Question 16

Metaphase

Answer 16

Metaphase is a stage during the process of cell division (mitosis or meiosis). Normally, individual chromosomes are spread out in the cell nucleus.

Question 17

Anaphase

Answer 17

Anaphase is the third phase of mitosis, in which the chromatids are pulled apart.

Question 18

Telophase

Answer 18

Telophase is the final stage of cell division in which the spindle disappears and the nucleus forms around each set of daughter chromosomes.

Question 19

Interphase

Answer 19

Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which a typical cell spends most of its life.

Question 20

Cell cycle

Answer 20

Cell cycle is the name we give the process through which cells replicate and make two new cells.

Question 21

Asexual reproduction

Answer 21

Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction in which only one parent is involved to reproduce offspring.

Question 22

Sexual reproduction

Answer 22

Sexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction in which two parents are involved to reproduce offspring.

Question 23

Haploid cells

Answer 23

Haploid refers to the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism’s cells.

Question 24

Diploid cells

Answer 24

A diploid cell has two complete sets of chromosomes.

Question 25

Gametes

Answer 25

A gamete is a reproductive cell of an animal or plant.

Question 26

How well did you know this?