Chapter 1 Keywords Flashcards
What are proteins?
Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They do most of the work in cells.
What is the function of DNA?
The function of DNA is to store all of the genetic information that an organism needs to develop, function, and reproduce.
Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes are organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles. Most prokaryotes are small, single-celled organisms that have a relatively simple structure.
What are eukaryotes?
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotes may be either single-celled or multicellular.
Cell membrane
The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane, is found in all cells and separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell. It is composed of water, salts, and various organic molecules.
Mitochondrion
Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular) that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions.
Ribosomes
A ribosome is the cellular machinery responsible for making proteins. There are many ribosomes in each cell.
Cell wall
The cell wall separates the interior contents of the cell from the exterior environment. It also provides shape, support, and protection to the cell and its organelles.
Nucleus
A nucleus is the membrane-enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the chromosomes.
Animal cells
A type of cell that is seen specifically in animal tissues. It is characterized by the absence of a cell wall, with cell organelles enclosed within the cell membrane.
Plant cells
A type of cell that is seen specifically in plant tissue. It is characterized by the presence of a cell wall, chloroplasts and intracellular vacuole.
Specialized cells
cells with unique structures and functions in the body
Mitosis
Mitosis is the process by which a cell replicates its chromosomes and then segregates them, producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division.
Prophase
Prophase is the first phase of mitosis, in which the nucleus is still present and the chromatin condenses to form chromosomes
Metaphase
Metaphase is a stage during the process of cell division (mitosis or meiosis). Normally, individual chromosomes are spread out in the cell nucleus.
Anaphase
Anaphase is the third phase of mitosis, in which the chromatids are pulled apart.
Telophase
Telophase is the final stage of cell division in which the spindle disappears and the nucleus forms around each set of daughter chromosomes.
Interphase
Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which a typical cell spends most of its life.
Cell cycle
Cell cycle is the name we give the process through which cells replicate and make two new cells.
Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction in which only one parent is involved to reproduce offspring.
Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction in which two parents are involved to reproduce offspring.
Haploid cells
Haploid refers to the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism’s cells.
Diploid cells
A diploid cell has two complete sets of chromosomes.
Gametes
A gamete is a reproductive cell of an animal or plant.
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