Different Methods Flashcards
What are the steps for the scientific method?
Theory
Hypothesis
Collect data
Analyse Data
What is a good theory?
Something simple and that can explain an observable phenomenon.
What is an example of a good theory?
Piaget : every human being goes through the different milestones
What is a bad theory?
One that can’t be proven right or wrong
What is an example of a BAD theory?
Anything from Freud: dreams
What is phrenology?
When pp would do head massages and if you have certain características. It was debunked
What kind of hypothesis are there?
The testable and non testable
What is experimental research?
It involves statistics, true experiments, independent and dependent variable, experimental groups and control groups
What is an independent variable?
One that is being manipulate d ex:
What is a dependent variable?
The one that is being measured
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a true experiment?
It’s can establish a cause and effect but it implies a control group which means there is some artificiality to it
What are descriptive or correlational studies?
Ones that occur naturally in nature
The naturalistic observation is linked to..
The hawthorne effect which stated that pp chg their behav when being observed
What do descriptive statistics show?
Variability
Range?
Highest-lowest score
What is the standard deviation?
A numerical depiction of variability ( by how much the scores vary from each other and from the mean)
If everyone has the same grade std dev is?
0: no variability
The correlational method uses..
Statistical procedures to determine if there is a natural relationship occuring in nature by themselves
In a correlational study you cannot…
Manipulate variables, have to occur naturally
True experiment ..
Have control on one variable
Correlational study..
No control
What are the 2 parts of correlation coefficient?
Strength and direction
What is the correlation coefficient?
It is a number that tells you how strong a relationship is between 2 variables
What can the “r” value be? And what do they mean?
-1 : perfect - relationship and slope : one up one down
0 : no relationship
1: perfect positive relationship and slope : both go up
