Dietry fuels, metabolism and other info from Marks Flashcards
chapters 1-4 of Marks
how does catabolism of macronutrients release energy?
via the transfer of electrons to O2 in the process of oxidation (from the macronutrients)
what occurs in the conversion of ADP to ATP?
Energy production via the oxidation of crabs, lipids and proteins. releases Co2 and O2
what occurs in the conversion of ATP to ADP?
Eneegry utilization: biosynthesis, detoxification, muscle contraction, active ion transport and thermogenesis
what is startch?
storage form of carbs in plants
what endocrine hormones regulate fuel storage and retrieval?
glucagon and insulin
what does insulin stimulate?
the uptake of glucose into adipose and muscle cells
what is hyperglycemia?
increased BGL- causes (in some cases) by a resistance to insulin
what occurs during fasting?
the BGL drop which initiates releases of glucagon from alpha cells. This signals liver to release stored glucose and body to degrade triaglcyerial for fatty acid energy
What are carbohydrates classified by?
No of carbons, type of carboynal group (aldosugar or ketosugar), position of hydroxyl group (D or L), number of monosaccharides joined by glycodisic bonds
what structures carry nitrogen and what type of charge do they have at a neutral pH?
amino acids and hetercyclic rings - positive charge
what is a nucleotide?
nucleoside + phosphate
describe the structure of a globular protein.
densely packed hydrophobic core with polar amino acid side chains on the outside so can move through water
what is ka?
affinity for the binding site
what is a transition state complex?
high eneregy intermediate stage - energy that needs to be met for reaction to occur
