Dieting, Restraint and disinhibition Flashcards
What are some consequences of unhealthy diets?
- Coronary heart disease
- Diabetes Mellitus (Type II)
- Atherosclerosis
- Thrombosis
- Myocardial infarction
Unhealthy diets can lead to serious health conditions, including heart disease and diabetes.
What are the types of cholesterol and their functions?
- High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) - good cholesterol
- Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) - bad cholesterol
HDLs help carry LDLs away from artery walls, preventing plaque buildup.
What is energy balance?
The relationship between calories consumed and calories expended
Energy balance is crucial for maintaining, losing, or gaining weight.
What are common motives for weight loss according to O’Brien et al. (2007)?
- Appearance
- Health
- Mood
These motives can significantly impact the success of dietary interventions.
According to Griffiths et al. (2022), when do people commonly diet?
In spring to prepare for summer
The study suggested a seasonal pattern in dieting behavior.
Define body dissatisfaction.
A discrepancy between perceived body size and ideal body size; feelings of discontent with shape and size
Body dissatisfaction can lead to negative psychological effects and is often linked to dieting behaviors.
What is the set point theory?
Genetics play an important role in determining weight; the body ‘defends’ a certain weight range (Harris 1990)
This theory suggests that significant weight loss may be challenging due to biological factors.
What are some types of specialized diets?
- Food combining (e.g., Hay Diet)
- Blood type diet
- Single food diets (e.g., cabbage soup, grapefruit)
Specialized diets often lack scientific backing and may cater to specific beliefs about food.
True or False: Dieting is associated with a higher body weight in the long term.
True
Systematic reviews indicate that dieting can lead to metabolic adaptations favoring weight regain. (Pelissier., 2023)
What is restraint in dieting?
The deliberate attempt to inhibit food intake to maintain weight or prevent weight gain
Restraint can have psychological and physical impacts on individuals.
What does disinhibition refer to in the context of dieting?
Induction of over-eating among restrained eaters; inability to maintain cognitive control of intake
Disinhibition can undermine dieting efforts and lead to overeating.
What is the Boundary Model proposed by Herman & Polivy (1984)?
Eat to satiety, but satiety is further away for restrained eaters, leading to increased consumption
This model explains how restrained eaters may overeat due to perceived differences in satiety.
What factors affect disinhibition in restrained eaters?
- Perceived caloric content
- Food cues
- Negative affect
These factors can trigger overeating in individuals who are normally restrained.
What is external eating?
Inability to resist environmental cues (sight, smell) that initiate eating
External eating is linked to obesity and can lead to poor dietary choices.
What measures can be used to assess dietary restraint?
- Revised Restraint Scale
- Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ)
- Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ) (Strien et al., 1986)
These assessments help identify tendencies in eating behavior and restraint.
What is the Abstinence Violation Effect?
Negative cognitive and emotional responses when returning to a substance after a period of abstinence
This effect is particularly relevant in the context of dieting and can impact success.
What does Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) involve?
Repeated sampling of an individual’s behaviors in their natural environment
Randle et al. (2023): EMA captures real time data on behaviours, revealing tht coping strategies reduce dietary lapses.
EMA helps identify real-time thoughts and feelings related to eating behaviors.
What is the Limited Cognitive Capacity Hypothesis?
Disinhibited intake occurs in restrained eaters if there are limitations on their cognitive capacity
Boon et al., (2002)
This hypothesis suggests that cognitive overload can lead to overeating in those who are typically restrained.
What is one potential outcome of distraction during eating?
Increased intake after distracted food consumption
Paying attention to food can help reduce intake and enhance memory of consumed food.
Stice and Shaw (2002)
Perceived pressure to be thin, thin ideal internalisation and elevated body mass linked to body disatisfaction.
Dieting and negative affect are mediating variables for eating pathology
Pelisssier et al. (2023)
80% of studies found that dieters have a higher body weight than non-dieters.
75% reported metabolic adaotations in response to weight loss that favoured weight regain
Dieting often leads to weight gain
Which pre-load study found that “low retrained eaters showed compensatory regulation in a taste test, and high restrained eaters over consumed following consumption of calorie dense pre-load.”?
Herman and Mack (1975)
Counter regulation
Who devised the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire to measure restraint?
Van Strien et al., (1986)
According to Green and Rogers (1998), what was the effects on cognitive performance for restrained eaters?
Showed deficits in tasks involving memory and planning due to pre-occupations with food.
