Dietetics Flashcards
What gives the structure to quick breads?
a. flour and milk
b. flour and water
c. egg and flour
d. egg
c. egg and flour
ANOVA is used when:
a. several products compete against one another
b. comparing two similar products
c. testing whether results can be generalized to a larger group
d. testing whether the difference between the two groups is real
a. several products compete against one another
ANOVA- analysis of variance. tool used to evaluate validity.
- asks whether the difference between samples is areliable one that would be repeated
- used when several products compete against one another
- compares the variance between groups with the variance within groups
- -answers; are there 1 or more significant differences ANYWHERE among the samples
Which of the following combines with CoA in two carbon fragments to make acetyl CoA to then enter the Krebs cycle to make energy?
a. lactic acid
b. fatty acids
c. glucose
d. fructose
b. fatty acids
NADPH is:
a. essential in the synthesis of fatty acids
b. essential in the synthesis of glycogen
c. involved in the catabolism of protein
d. essential in transamiation
a. essential in the synthesis of fatty acids
which of the following will stabilize the egg in the recipe?
a. a base
b. an acid
c. sugar
d. salt
b. an acid
Metabolites of the Krebs cycle are:
a. water, energy, carbon dioxide
A 5-month old infant has changed from the 65th to the 95th percentile weight for height. The dietitian should first:
a. suggest the infant receives more solid foods
b. change the feeding formual
c. check to see if weights have been plotted properly
d. increase the amount of formula provided
c. check to see if weights have been plotted properly
A client says, “ I want to change my eating habits” You ask why. The learning domain is:
a. affective
b. cognitive
c. psychomotor
d. psychoscocial
a. affective
affective: acquistion of attitudes and values, growth in feelings or emotions
Which is the best source of emulsification?
a. eggs
b. milk
c. salt
d. flour
a. eggs
Glucocorticoids:
a. convert glucose into protein
b. convert fatty acids into glucose
c. convert glucose into fat
d. convert protein into glucose
c. convert glucose into fat
Pernicious anemia is likely to occur following a:
a. colectomy
b. colostomy
c. gastrectomy
d. esophagostomy
c. gastrectomy
Pernicious anemia is a chronic illness caused by impaired absorption of vitamin B-12 because of a lack of intrinsic factor (IF) in gastric secretions.
Gastrectomy can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency and affect the production of Intrinsic Factor. When the proximal stomach is resected or if the cells of the stomach lining are not able to produce Intrinsic Factor as an effect of gastrectomy, pernicious anemia is developed by the patient. The lack of Intrinsic Factor is the main cause of pernicious anemia because it is needed by the body to absorb vitamin B12. Normally, Intrinsic Factor combines with vitamin B12 and it helps in the absorption of B12 through the intestines.
To determine whether promtional efforts have increased sales in a business, use;
a. the experimental design
b. an observational study
c. a survey
d. a segmentation process
a. the experimental design
Fresh eggs in the shell can be stored in a refrigerator at 40 degrees for:
a. 3 weeks
b. 2 weeks
c. 10 days
d. 4-6 days
a. 3 weeks
What color do onions turn when cooked in an aluminum pan?
a. purple
b. blue
c. red
d. yellow
d. yellow
colorless in acid, yellow in alkaline
The flakiness of pie crust depends on:
a. type of fat
b. oxidation of fat
c. Temperature of the fat
d. oven temperature
a. type of fat
A 5-month-old is diagnosed with salmonella. What is likely the cause?
a. fruit juice
b. milk
c. table food
d. evaporated milk
c. table food
Childrens diets are found to be low in iron due to emphasis on what?
b. milk
The statement “After class, the patient will be able to write a days menu following the guidelines” is..
a. goal
b. objective
c. plan
d. research hypothesis
b. objective
The absence of reinforcement following an undersirable behavior is:
a. positive reinforcement
b. punishment
c. extinction
d. avoidance
c. extinction
extinction is one type of behavior modification method.
Extinction reduces undesired behavior
which involves the absence of reinforcement following undesired behavior (ignore). If extinction is repeated, behavior will eventually disappear
What is the best way to reduce the fat content of a brownie recipe?
a. use margarine instead of butter
b. cut out all the fat
c. cut out half the fat
d. use prune puree in place of half the fat
d. use prune puree in place of half the fat
A serum calcium level of 11.5 mg/dl will bring on a release of:
a. parathormone from the parathyroid gland
b. calcitonin from the thyroid glands
c. calcium
d. calcium-binding protein from the intestine
b. calcitonin from the thyroid glands
Needs: 8.5 to 10.3 mg/dL
Calcitonin is a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that reduces the concentration of blood calcium level when it has risen to an above normal level.
When counseling an anorexic, the best advice is to:
a. be real strict in their food choices
b. be flexible and help them choose reasonable goals
c. provide a large variety of menu items
d. give them free rein with their intake
b. be flexible and help them choose reasonable goals
anorexia — an eating disorder characterized by an abnormally low body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted perception of weight.
An example of nominal (frequency) data is;
a. temperature
b. weight
c. differentiate between men and women
d. rank in class
c. differentiate between men and women
Nominal or categorical data is data that comprises of categories that cannot be rank ordered – each category is just different (example: male/female. The categories available cannot be placed in any order and no judgment can be made about the relative size or distance from one category to another.
Which would aid the absorption of an iron supplement?
a. cow’s milk
b. orange juice, hamburger
c. milk, eggs, cheese
d. dates, eggs
b. orange juice, hamburger
An example of formative evaluation is:
a. IQ test
b. RD exam
c. Pretest quiz
d. comparative evaluation
c. pretest quiz
Method to evaluate educational outcomes: formative evaluation is made early or during course of education. helps to pinpoint parts mastered and parts not mastered
When should an explanation of how a worker will be evaluated be given to them?
a. one month prior to their evaluation
b. they should not be shown to the worker
c. the day of the evaluation before you meet with them
d. the day they are hired
d. the day they are hired
A study showed the morbidity of chilren with aneamia to be 5: 1000. This means:
a. 5 children out of 1000 died of anemia
b. 5 children out of 1000 had anemia
c. 1000 children had anemia
d. 1000 children died of anemia
b. 5 children out of 1000 had anemia
morbidity- disease state
The flour with the most starch is:
a. cake
b. whole wheat
c. instantized
d. durum
a. cake
A serum sodium level of 150 mEq/L indicates:
a. sepsis
b. dehydration
c. hypertension
d. hyperglycemia
b. dehydration
Normal range of sodium: 136-145 mEq/L
A serum sodium level of 150 mEq/L indicates hypernatremia. Hypernatremia can cause significant neurological, endocrine, and cardiac disturbances because the increase serum sodium causes intracellular water to diffuse into the extracellular spaces resulting in dehydration at the cellular level.
The end product of aerobic glycolysis is:
b. pyruvic acid
Fat produces more calories than carbohydrates because:
a. fat has more carbon and hydrogen in relation to oxygen
Which of the following nonessential amino acids may be considered conditionally essential in catabolic stress such as heart failure?
a. arginine
b. asparagine
c. proline
d. leucine
a. arginine
L-glutamine and l-arginine are both conditionally essential amino acids. This means that although the body is able to produce them, during times of stress, (such as critical illness, trauma, catabolic stress such as heart failure, hemolysis, and GI disorders), the body may not produce enough.
L-arginine- Improves Heart Health. Research shows that L-arginine is beneficial for lowering inflammation and improving the health of the blood vessels and cardiovascular system, which is why oral arginine is one of the most popular supplements recommended by cardiologists.
Each of these amino acids is found in high amounts in dairy foods and meat, and both amino acids can be supplemented.
.
A serum sodium level of 115 mEq/L may be due to:
a. over-hydration
b. dehydration
c. a very high sodium intake
d. a sodium intake of 5.5 grams per day
a. over-hydration
serum sodium is the BEST assessment parameter for fluid status. Hypernatremia is associated with dehydration. Hyponatremia is associated with over-hydration.
Adding bran to a bread recipe will:
a. increase the volume
b. decrease the volume
c. required an increase in oven temperature
d. require a decrease in oven temperature
b. decrease the volume
How can you preserve thiamin when cooking pork?
a. use the drippings after the fat has been removed
b. insert a meat thermometer and cook it to 145 degrees F in an oven at 325 degrees
c. increase the cooking temperature to lessen cooking time
d. add a small quantity of water during cooking
b. insert a meat thermometer and cook it to 145 degrees F in an oven at 325 degrees
Which exhibits a definit positive correlation?
a. .05-.07
b. 1.2-1.3
c. 0.8-1.0
d. 0.2-0.9
c. 0.8-1.0
When substituting butter for lard in pastry:
a. use the same amount
b. use less
c. use more
d. use less and decrease the water content
c. use more
Butter has fatty acids in this order of predominance:
a. PUFA, MUFA, SFA
b. SAT, MUFA, PUFA
c. MUFA, SAT, PUFA
d. MUFA, PUFA, SAT
b. SAT, MUFA, PUFA
Which cooking method would best covert collagen to gelatin in a bottom round roast?
a. grilling it to medium rare
b. braising
c. broiling
d. searing
b. braising
A child is at the 95th percentile BMI for age. He is:
a. normal
b. obese
c. overweight
d. tall for his age
b. obese
BMI for age percentiles start at age 2: Underweight < 5th Healthy Weight 5th to 84th Overweight 85th to 94th Obese >= 95th or BMI >30
Which pigment can be converted into a vitamin?
a. chlorophyll
b. carotenoids
c. anthocyanin
d. anthoxanthins
b. carotenoids
When on Dicumarol, avoid increasing your intake of:
a. spinach
b. beets
c. corn
d. beef
a. spinach
common brand name drug used: Coumadin
It is an oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K (aids in blood clotting).
Vitamin K rich foods: spinach, kale, broccoli, green, leafy vegetables
French fries made from stored potatoes would have changes in: I. taste II. appearance III. texture a. I, II, III b. II, III c. I d. I, III
a. I, II, III
In interpreting correlation data, if the r value is greater than 1:
a. the relationship is strong
b. the result is not valid
c. the relationship is weak
d. it is within 1 standard deviation
b. the result is not valid
A focus group contributes what data?
a. analytical
b. experimental
c. attitudinal
d. objective
c. attitudinal
How many oranges are needed to produce one quart of juice?
a. 12 oranges
Which government agency inspects and grades meat?
c. USDA
When you check overrun, you are checking:
c. The weight of ice cream
The best way to monitor an infants failure to thrive is to plot:
a. weight for length
b. length for age
c. weight
d. weight for age
a. wieght for length
Which of the following is the most useful for evaluating long term nutrition in children?
a. height for age
b. weight for height
c. weight for age
d. length for weight
a. height for age
defines shortness/tallness
reflects L/T nutritional status; determines extent of stunting
affected by L/T nutritional stress or chronic illness
< 5th percentile- short stature
Excess amounts of zinc may lead to a deficiency of:
a. copper
b. magnesium
c. folate
d. cobalt
a. copper
Large doses of zinc prevent your digestive tract from absorbing copper from your diet, so regularly taking too much zinc depletes your body’s copper levels. Copper deficiency can lower your white blood cell count, putting you at increased risk of an infection, since white blood cells make up a part of your immune system. Low copper levels also negatively affect your red blood cells, preventing proper oxygen transport and causing anemia.
sources of zinc: meat, shellfish, eggs, dairy, legumes, nuts, seeds
A good source of vitamin A for pre-school children would be:
a. grapes
b. watermelon
c. cantaloupe pieces
d. banana
c. cantaloupe pieces
You are explaining to a new client how making a few changes in his food choices will benefit his overall health. The learning domain is:
a. psychomotor
b. cognitive
c. affective
d. human
c. affective
affective: acquistion of attitudes and values, growth in feelings or emotions
What is the process by which the water content of a vegetable is replaced by a concentrated salt solution?
c. diffusion
A low birth weight infant weighs:
a. less than 2500 grams
b. between 500 and 1500 grams
c. between 3000 and 4000 grams
d. between 100 and 500 grams
a. less than 2500 grams
You want to keep lemon meringue pie at its peak. What should you do?
a. add sugar with eggs
b. add flour with butter
c. keep the pie at room temperature
d. keep the pie refrigerated
d. keep the pie refrigerated
Which denotes a high correlation?
a. .2
b. .4
c. .6
d. .8
d. .8
.1 is a perferct correlation
BMI for age percentiles start at age:
a. 24 months
b. 36 months
c. 48 months
d. 5 years
a. 24 months (2years)
A study reported a 10% morbidity rate in infants in the country and a 12% morbidity rate for infants in the city. This means that:
a. 10% of infants died in the country
b. more infants died in the city than in the country
c. more disease in infants in the city than in the country
d. more disease in infants in the country than in the city
c. more disease in infants in the city than in the country
Morbidity-disease state
Mortality- incidence of death
Pyridoxine acts as a coenzyme in:
a. iron transfer
b. deamination and transamination
c. fat transfer through the lymphatic system
d. osmotic pressure of body fluid
b. deamination and transamination
Cross-sectional studies:
a. describe past events and conditions
b. are useful in predicting future events
c. are a snap-shot look at one point in time
d. measure before and after an intervention occurs
c. are a snap-shot look at one point in time
one time data collection counting all of the cases of a specific disease among a group of people at a particular time. Snap shot describes current, not past or future events
Which recipe ingredient should be adjusted if a cake has a crunch crust and compact moist texture?
a. milk
b. flour
c. sugar
d. baking powder
c. sugar
The tartness in fruits and vegetables is due to:
a. flavones
b. cholrophyll
c. anthoxanthins
d. tannins
d. tannins
Considering the following smoke points of various fats, which would be the best to use for frying?
a. 300 degrees F
b. 325 degrees F
c. 375 degrees F
d. 400 degrees F
d. 400 degrees F
A serum sodium level of 150 mEq/L is a sign of:
a. very high sodium intake
b. very low sodium intake
c. hyponatremia
d. hypernatremia
d. hypernatremia
Normal range of sodium: 136-145 mEq/L
Protein digestion begins in the:
b. stomach
The Cori cycle converts:
a. glucose into galactose
b. lactate into pyruvate
c. lactic acid into glycogen
d. glycogen into glucose
b. lactate into pyruvate
Patients with early signs of xerophthalmia should consume:
a. chicken, fish, summer squash
b. liver, milk, eggs
c. oatmeal, almonds, berries
d. high fiber cereals, salad greens
b. liver, milk, eggs
Xerophthalmia is a progressive eye disease caused by vitamin A deficiency. Lack of vitamin A can dry out your tear ducts and eyes. Xerophthalmia can develop into night blindness or more serious damage to your cornea, the outer layer of your eye. This damage may take the form of white spots on your eyes and ulcers on your corneas.
Foods high in vitamin A: yellow, orange fruits, dark green leafy vegetables, cantaloupe, fish, liver, carrots, fortified skim milk, apricots, sweet potato
The sensitivity of a screening tool evaluates:
a. the proportion of non-afflicted individuals identified as non-afflicted
b. the consistency or reproducibility of test results
c. the proportion of afflicted individuals who tested positive
d. the amount of variation that occurs randomly within the population
c. the proportion of afflicted individuals who tested positive
A new mother may hesitate to become involved with a breast-feeding informational program due to:
a. lack of funds
b. lack of social support
c. lack of knowledge about benefits
d. lack of medical care
b. lack of social support
You are asked to give an in-service to the staff. What should you do first?
a. ask them what they want to learn
b. read up on the subject
c. observe the staff at work to identify problems
d. see what other hospitals are teaching
c. observe the staff at work to identify problems
The flakiness of pie crust depends on:
A. Type of fat
When a white sauce tastes starchy and grainy, the likely cause is:
a. too much starch
b. improprer proportions of ingredients
c. starch was added before the fat melted
d. uncooked flour
d. uncooked flour
To determine whether your client has applied your suggestions on decreasing his fat intake, ask him to:
a. name a few foods that should be consumed infrequently
b. name four foods to avoid
c. list the foods he has consumer over the past three days
d. selct an appropriate breakfast from a menu
c. list the foods he has consumer over the past three days
What reading level is appropriate for written materials for a population with low literacy skills?
a. 4th grade
b. 6th grade
c. 8th grade
d. 9th grade
6th grade
Reading level appropriate for the general population is: 8th grade
If there is no statisical difference between study groups, the hypothesis is:
a. negative
b. null
c. even
d. positive
b. null
Food iron is reduced in the stomach to the more absorbable form of:
b. ferrous
A serum sodium level of 150 mEq/L may be due to:
a. an increase in the intake of sodium-rich foods
b. decreased steroid formation
c. an increased level of aldosterone
d. a decrease in the intake of sodium-rich foods
c. an increased level of aldosterone
normal sodium range: 136-145 mEq/L
Aldosterone is a hormone that plays a big role in keeping your blood pressure in check.
Aldosterone balances the levels of sodium and potassium in your body. It signals to your organs, like your colon and kidneys, to put more sodium into your bloodstream or release more potassium into your pee.
Your adrenal glands, which are just above your kidneys, actually release the hormone.
When the level of aldosterone in your body is out of whack, it could lead to other health issues, including damage to your heart, brain, and kidneys.
In a normal curve, what % of data falls between +1 and -1 standard deviation?
a. 52
b. 93
c. 35
d. 68
d. 68
Gastric proteolysis requires:
a. pyridoxine
b. ascorbic acid
c. hydrochloric acid
d. the intrinsic factor
c. hydrochloric acid
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids
What does the term “USDA graded” on meat tell the consumer?
a. it assures wholesomeness
b. it was free of disease at time of slaugher
c. The meat if fit for human consumption
d. it defines quality
d. it defines quality
A normal pregnancy requires supplementation of:
a. iron
b. vitamin c, calcium iron
c. iron and folic acid
d. calcium and zinc
c. iron and folic acid
baby needs zinc for cell growth and for the production and functioning of DNA – the body’s genetic blueprint. Getting enough zinc is especially important during pregnancy because there’s so much rapid cell growth.
Your body uses iron to make hemoglobin, a substance in red blood cells that transports oxygen throughout your body. During pregnancy, your body supplies blood and oxygen to your baby, so the demand for iron goes up to keep up with the increase in blood supply.
Which of the following substitutions will most decrease the sodium content of a biscuit?
I. low sodium milk for whole milk
II. egg substitute for egg
III low sodium baking powder
a. I
b. I, II
c. all of the above
d. I, III
d. I, III
low sodium milk for whole milk and low sodium baking powder
A patient with metabolic alkalosis would have:
a. excess excretion of base through the kidneys
b. retention of base by the lungs
c. excretion of base by the lungs
d. retention of base by the kidneys
d. retention of base by the kidneys
The level of significance of test results is measured using the p value. Which of the following represents the most significant factor?
a. < 0.0002
b. < 0.002
c. <0.02
d. < 0.20
a. < 0.0002
Ascorbic acid aids in healing. Which of the following applies?
a. collagen –> hydroxyproline
b. proline –> hydroxyproline –> collagen
c. hydroxyproline –> proline –> collagen
d. hydroxyproline –> collagen
b. proline –> hydroxyproline –> collagen
What is the main purpose of water in the body?
a. it acts as a medium for cell metabolism
b. it helps transport calcium through cell membranes
c. it maintains electrolyte balance
d. to maintain body temperature
a. it acts as a medium for cell metabolism
Water in the human body plays an essential role by carrying carbohydrates and protein through the blood and eliminating excess salt, minerals, and other substances.
Why do egg whites beat more easily at room temperature?
C. The surface tension is lower
Cholecystokinin causes:
a. contraction of the gallbladder
b. peristalsis
c. secretion of pancretic juice
d. contraction of the liver
a. contraction of the gallbladder
After you review the patients medical record, the first step in counseling is:
a. assess the patients nutritional status
b. collect all relevant data
c. establish a climate of trust
d. establish an overall evaluation plan for the patient
c. establish a climate of trust
Energy expenditure of humans can be measured by:
a. heat intake
b. food intake
c. nitrogen output
d. oxygen consumption
d. oxygen consumption (most accurate)
Energy expenditure can be estimated by measuring macronutrient or oxygen consumption, or heat production or carbon dioxide production.
Most measurement approaches in use today involve the measurement of oxygen consumption and/or production of carbon dioxide via indirect calorimetry.
Replacing carbohydrate with fat in the diet will:
a. raise the respiratory quotient
b. lower the respiratory quotient
c. increase the respiratory rate
d. spare protein
b. lower the respiratory quotient
In cereal production, enrichment adds:
a. vitamin A
b. vitamin D
c. iron
d. iodine
c. iron
Increased plasma pyruvate is an indication of a :
a. riboflavin deficiency
b. thiamin deficiency
c. pyridoxine deficiency
d. iron deficiency
b. thiamin deficiency
Which of the following are synthesized by intestinal bacteria?
a. biotin, pantothenic acid, vitamin K
b. vitamin E, vitamin K, biotin
c. pyridoxine, vitamin E
d. ascorbic acid, pyridioxine, vitamin K
a. biotin, pantothenic acid, vitamin K
Biotin- coenzyme in FA synthesis, converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate in gluconeogenesis
Pantothenic acid- Coenzyme A-energy synthesis of FAs
Vitamin K-Forms prothrombin in liver: aids blood clotting. Given pre-surgery. calcium metabolism
If energy needs increase, which vitamins are needed in higher amounts?
a. A, C, folate
b. A, C, thiamin
c. thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid
d. pyridoxine, cyanocobalamin
c. thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid
Which mineral is involved in blood clotting?
a. calcium
Bile is produced in the _______and stored in the _________.
a. liver, gallbladder
What percent of protein and fat converts to glucose?
a. 58% pro, 10% fat
b. 10% pro, 60% fat
c. 30% pro, 30% fat
d. 20% pro, 40% fat
a. 58% pro, 10% fat
Which of the following foods is the best source of omega-3 fatty acids?
a. shrimp
b. anchovies
c. sardines
d. olive oil
c. sardines
PUFAS
Omega 3 Fatty Acids have 3 main dietary types:
-Alpha Linolenic Acids (ALAs) - Found in Plant Foods
-Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) - Found in Fish and Seafood
-Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) - Found in Fish and Seafood
Which has the lowest cholesterol content?
a. peanut butter and crackers
b. yogurt with fruit
c. chocolate cake
d. Roast beef sandwich
a. peanut butter and crackers
Which hormone greatly influences BMR?
a. the endocrine hormone
b. thyroxine
c. the growth hormone
d. insulin
b. thyroxine
Beef bottom round should be cooked:
a. at a high temp for a short time
b. in water for an extended time
c. in dry heat
d. in moist heat for a short time
b. in water for an extended time
The toxic level of vitamin A has been identified as:
a. 5000 IU
b. 10000 IU
c. 15000 IU
d. 20000 IU
b. 10000 IU
Vitamin A needs:
M: 900 ug (micrograms) RE
F: 700 ug RE
Winterized oil is:
b. clear when refrigerated
The purpose of an emulsifier in margarine is to:
a. keep water and fat from seperating
b. keep water and fat separated
c. sustain the natural flavor of the ingredients
d. retain the color
a. keep water and fat from seperating
An amylase deficiency would result in:
a. decreased gluconeogenesis
b. decreased lipolysis
c. decreased glycolysis
d. decreased proteolysis
c. decreased glycolysis
amylase breaks down carbohydrates (glucose).
An example of a survey with a negative correlation is:
a. when folic acid intake increases prior to pregnancy, the incidence of neural tube defects declines
b. when LDL increase, the rate of heart disease increases
c. when a person becomes more obese, their LDL levels likely rise
d. as the intake of peanut butter and potato chips increases, dental caries increase
a. when folic acid intake increases prior to pregnancy, the incidence of neural tube defects declines
negative correlation: the opposite. As one variable increases. the other decreases and vice versa
In a positive correlation , both variables move in the same direction.
Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, pellagra are signs of:
a. riboflavin deficiency
b. thiamin deficiency
c. pyridoxine deficiency
d. niacin deficiency
d. Niacin deficiency
Males: 16 NE
Females: 14 NE
sources of niacin: protein, peanuts, ready-to-eat cereals, chicken, rice, yeast, milk
A food item provides 45 grams of carbohydrate, 10 grams of protein and 10 grams of fat. What percent of total calories comes from fat?
a. 34%
b. 29%
c. 23%
d. 20%
b. 29%
45 gm CHO x4= 180 cal 10 gm Pro x 4= 40 cal 10 gm Fat x 9= 90 cal total cal= 310 cal 90/310=.29 x100= 29%
If linoleic acid replaces carbohydrates in the diet:
a. LDL decreases, HDL increases
best source is safflower oil (mostly PUFA)
Which pigment does not change color in an acid or an alkaline solution?
C. Carotenoid
If protein intake is doubled, which nutrient needs to be increased?
a. pyridoxine
b. folic acid
c. niacin
d. vitamin C
a. pyridoxine
Green peas held on the serving line may turn olive green due to:
a. pheophytin
b. chlorophyllin
c. anthoxanthins
d. flavones
a. pheophytin
The end products of cellular oxidation are:
A. Water, carbon dioxide, energy
A cake with a fallen center may be the results of:
a. too little fat
b. too little sugar
c. excess sugar and excess fat
d. too little baking powder
c. excess sugar and excess fat
other possibilities: excess baking powder, inadequate mixing, oven temp too low, open dorr during early baking
Pale conjuntivae is associated with a deficiency of:
a. vitamin C
b. vitamin D
c. zinc
d. iron
d. iron
The mean is a measure of:
a. normal curve
b. central tendency
c. frequency curve
d. straight line
b. central tendency
mean is the average of the numbers in a set
In a study on custars which would be the dependent variable?
a. the amount of milk and sugar in the recipe
b. the cooked custard
c. the temperture of the oven
d. the time of cooking
b. the cooked custard
Dependent variables are outcomes
Independent variables are what you mainpulate in your study
The breast-fed infant is drinking primarily colostrum for:
a. the first 24 hours
b. the first few days
c. 1-2 weeks
d. 3 months
b. the first few days
Kidneys help control pH by:
a. excreting sodium and calcium
b. controlling the ratio of hydrogen ions to bicarbonate excretion
c. excreting carbon dioxide and carbonic acid
d. excreting NADPH
b. controlling the ration of hydrogen ions to bicarbonate excretion
A patient who is iron-deficient should consume ___ with a good iron source.
a. apple juice
b. orange juice
c. milk
d. cheese
b. orange juice
Which of the following inhibits gluconeogenesis?
a. glycogen
b. insulin
c. catecholamines
d. glucocorticoids
b. insulin
gluconeogenesis-synthensis of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
Where is lactose absorbed?
a. small intestine
b. stomach
c. pancreas
d. liver
a. small intestine
Fats used in frying can become rancid due to the:
a. oxidation of unsaturated fats
b. uptake of oxyen at the point of saturation
c. removal of high-melting triglycerides
d. prolonged exposure to high temperatures
a. oxidation of unsaturated fats
Homemade rolls are crumbly and fall apart easily. The most likely cause of the poor texture in the yeast bread is:
a. use of a high-protein flour
b. use of lower-protein flour
c. insufficient proofing time
d. excessive proofing time
b. use of lower-protein flour
When green vegetables begin to lose their color during serving, consider:
a. changing vendors or brands
b. decreasing holding time during heating
c. use different cooking equipment
d. changing the storage temperature
b. decreasing holding time during heating
Iron absorption is enhanced by:
a. acidic chyme in the duodenum
b. the alkalinity of the duodenum
c. oxalates and phytates
d. the absence of ascorbic acid
a. acidic chyme in the duodenum
Cabbage should be cooked:
a. covered
b. in a small amount of water
c. in a large quantity of water
d. covered in a small amount of water
c. in a large quantity of water
Which of the following can be reversed with vitamin A?
a. xerophthamlia
b. nyctalopia
c. Wilsons disease
d. homocysteinuria
b. nyctalopia (night blindness)
A child is lethargic and irritable with diarrhea. The cause may be:
a. zinc toxicity
b. lead poisoning
c. iron overload
d. vitamin A toxicity
b. lead poisoning