Dietary needs of different individuals Flashcards
What are 4 reasons why is breastfeeding important for infants/babies?
-Cost effective
-Babies and mothers can bond
-Good source of omega 3
-Provides all essential nutrients
Why is a nutritional diet important for babies and infants?
Going through rapid growth therefore a nutritional diet is vital
What are two ways you can feed babies/infants?
Breastfeeding and baby milk formula
What is it important to do if you are bottle feeding a baby?
Make sure the amounts are correct to ensure that the baby does not become overweight
Why are new mothers at a lower risk of developing breast cancer?
They loose an excess fat store that is gained during pregnancy
When should babies be weaned?
When they are at least 4-6 months old
Why should babies food be high in iron when weaning?
When born they have a store of iron which lasts 4-6 months, iron is required for brain development and red blood cell production
What should babies food not contain whilst?
Added salt, sugar or additives
Why is it important to introduce a variety of different foods when a baby is weaning?
To try different texture and flavours.
To alert parents of any allergies.
What is weaning?
A method of introducing solid food into a baby’s diet
Why should a variety of foods be introduced to toddlers?
Develops good eating habits at this age.
Can prevent childhood obesity
What are the essential nutrients needed as a toddler?
Carbs, Protein, Calcium phosphorous and vitamin D, Iron and vitamin C, and vitamin B complex
Why do toddlers need protein?
Children grow rapidly at this age therefore need protein for growth and new tissues.
Children have a tendency to fall therefore need it for repair of tissues.
Why do toddlers need carbohydrates in their diet?
Complex carbs release energy when kids are being active.
Why do toddlers need vitamin D, calcium and phosphorous in their diet?
Important for bone and teeth development.
Why do toddlers need vitamin B complex in their diet?
To release energy from food so they can run about and not be tired
Why do toddlers need iron and vitamin C in their diet?
Can help with cuts and wounds if children fall.
Helps prevent early anaemia.
What are two food choices you should make throughout childhood?
- Avoid giving children too many high sugary, salty and fatty foods.
- Choose low-fat dairy produce
Why are nutrients increased in teenagers compared to kids?
Teenagers have a rapid froth spurt and development
What are the essential nutrients needed as a teenager?
Carbs, Protein, Calcium phosphorous and vitamin D, Iron and vitamin C, and vitamin B complex
Why do teenagers need carbohydrates in their diet?
Required for energy particularly if active.
Males need more because they have larger bodies and tend to be more muscular
Why do teenagers need protein in their diet?
Needed for growth.
Repair broken tissues especially if a lot of sports are played.
Why do teenagers need calcium, phosphorous and vitamin D in their diet?
Adult skeleton develops, need for strong bone development.
Prevent osteoporosis later in life.
Why do teenagers need vitamin B complex in their diet?
Teens are active therefore need energy to be released from food
Why do teenagers need iron and vitamin C in their diet?
Menstruation occurs, need to prevent anaemia.
Helps with cut and wounds if teenager is sporty
What are two food choices teenagers should make?
- Encourage to eat breakfast
- Try to stop grazing on high fat, salt and sugary snacks
What are the essential nutrients that adults need?
Carbs, Iron and vitamin C, Calcium Phosphorous vitamin D, and Protein
Why adults need carbohydrates in their diet?
Energy needed depending on activities and body size.
Why do adults need protein in their diet?
Maintain healthy and repair cells, NOT needed for growth.
Why do adults need calcium, phosphorous and vitamin D in their diet?
Required for bone maintenance and can prevent osteoporosis
Why do adults need iron and vitamin C in their diet?
Needed to prevent anaemia.
Menstruation occurs.
What are two food choices adults should make?
- Good intake of antioxidant vitamins
- Adults that are not active need to watch energy intake
What essential nutrients should the elderly include in their diet?
Carbs, Calcium phosphorous and vitamin D, iron folic acid and vitamin C, and protein
Why should elderly people include carbohydrates in their diet?
Elderly may be less active but still require complex carbohydrates
Why should elderly people include protein in their diet?
May suffer from illness therefore need protein to recover and repair cells
Why should elderly include calcium phosphorous and vitamin D in their diet?
Important to maintain bone strength.
Can be at risk of osteoporosis.
Why should elderly people include iron, folic acid and vitamin C in their diet?
Can cause anaemia
What two food choices should elderly people make ?
- Eat smaller portions of nutritionally dense foods
- Some elderly people loose their sense of taste and add excessive salt to meals
What nutrients do pregnancy women need?
Carbs, Protein, Iron Calcium phosphorous and vitamin D, Iron, Vitamin C, Folic acid, Omega 3(essential fatty acids)
Why do pregnant women need a varied balanced diet?
The baby takes all nutrients first therefore the mother may become deficient in certain nutrients
Why do pregnant women need to include carbohydrates in their diet?
Requires more energy in the last three months.
Constipation is a problem during pregnancy therefore more NSP is required
Why do pregnant women include protein in their diet?
Little additional protein is needed for development of unborn baby- too much can result in weight gain.
Why do pregnant women need to include calcium, phosphorous and vitamin D in their diet?
Need for development of babies bones.
Need to make sure mother is in good supply.
Why do pregnant women need to include iron in their diet?
Helps with babies brain development.
No extra is needed for mother as she in not on her menstrual cycle.
Why do pregnant women need to include vitamin C in their diet?
Allows babies to grow and prevent anaemia in the mother.
Why do pregnant women need to include folic acid in their diet?
Sufficient intake needed before becoming pregnant.
Needed for development of brain and nervous system in foetus.
Reduces risk of neural tube defects.
Why do pregnant women need to include omega 3 in their diet?
Vital for unborn babies brain development
What is lactation?
The process of producing milk for babies
Why should mothers have a varied diet during breastfeeding?
To ensure the baby receives all necessary nutrients.
What type of people need species requirements of iron?
Girls and women, pregnant women, babies, the injured and people recovering from surgery.
What are 3 food safety rules that pregnant women should follow?
- Do not consumer liver as it contains too much vitamin A for baby
- Do not consume pate or soft cheeses as they contain bacteria
- Eggs should be thoroughly cooked to prevent food poisoning
Why should vegetarians and vegans include carbohydrates in their diet?
Should be used for energy
Why should vegetarians include protein in their diet?
Can get through eggs and LBV proteins- for growth and repair of body cells
Why should vegans include protein in their diet?
Obtain from LBV proteins to help build up for shortage of essential amino acids
Why should vegetarians include calcium in their diet?
Bone strength
Why should vegans include calcium in their diet?
Obtained from tofu and milk- bone strength
Why should vegetarians include fats in their diet?
Concentrated source of energy, provide warmth, protect vital organs ect
Why should vegans include vitamin B12 in their diet?
Needed from supplements as it is only found in animal products- at risk of anaemia developing
Why should vegans and vegetarians include vitamin C in their diet?
Good sources must be eaten to ensure that iron is absorbed and prevent anaemia
Why should vegans and vegetarians include iron in their diet?
Iron from vegetables is not absorbed as well compared to red meat- anaemia can result
