diet & nutrition Flashcards
difference between primary and secondary malnutrition
primary: inadequate nutrient intake
secondary: underlying disease interferes with nutrient intake/use
what is the energy requirement for newborn
3-4x of adult
must eat every 2-3 hours due to small sotmach size and liquid diet
what does breast milk contain
- lower protein and mineral content than cow’s milk and hence lower solute load for the immature kidney
- other nutrients: iron, essential fatty acids
- mothers t cells, confer immunity
what are the outcomes if the kid were to be deficient in calcium, phosphorus, iron and zinc?
calcium:
- incomplete calcification of teeth
- bone malformations
- osteoporosisi
phosphorus:
- can cause incomplete calc of teeth
- osteoporosis/ osteomalacia
iron:
- anemia and its 4 manifestations as stated below:
- angular cheilitis
- atrophic glossitis
- burning mouth syndrome
- aphthous like ulcerations
zinc:
- delayed wound healing
- atrophic oral mucosa
effect of excess vit d
- pulp calcification
- enamel hypoplasia
defn of fluorosis
is a chronic, fluoride induced condition in which enamel development is disrupted and enamel is hypomineralised + excess fluoride is incorporated in the developing tooth enamel
- fluoride makes enamel more porous due to increased width of intercrystalline spaces
what is the critical period/ age for fluoride intake causing fluorosis
critical period is post secretory or early maturation phases
- from birth till age 8 for all teeth
- from birth till age 6 for aesthetically important teeth
what are some protective dietary factors
- fluoride (topical) by far most effective
- cows milk contains lactose which is the least cariogenic sugar, also contains casein which inhibits growth of bacteria and plaque adherence
- cheese also anticariogenic as it stimulates salivary flow, raises plaque pH concentrations
what should the intake of juice be limited to
age 1-3:
- 4 ounces/day
age 4-6:
- 4-6 ounces/ day
age 7-18:
- 8 ounces
