Diet and Nutrition in the patient with Special Needs Flashcards
What is a “food dessert?”
an area with limited access to affordable nutritious foods
-typically low income neighborhoods
True or False: Patients with disabilities only have problems eating a healthy diet because they don’t understand what is healthy.
False, -abnormal muscle tone -posture/breathing issues -lack of development of motor patterns -metabolic issues -food aversions -reflux -vomiting etc.
True or False: Special diets include those for weight gain, diabetics, kidney disease, allergies, ketones, and gluten free.
True
____ disease = true gluten allergy
Celiac
Many people believe that gluten worsens the symptoms of _____.
autism
Where is gluten found?
in wheat, barley, and rye
What is the etiology of Celiac Disease?
multifactorial
- genetic predisposition is present
- affected by environmental factors
- CD4+ T Cell response to gliadin peptides
Which protein is toxic to patients with celiac disease?
alpha-gliadin
Alpha-Gliadin contains high amounts of which two amino acids?
proline and glutamine
________ is an enzyme that is found in the small intestine and is released when injured or inflammed.
Transglutaminase
How is transglutaminase involved with Celiac Disease?
Transglutaminase binds with gliadin protein to form a complex which is immunogenic
Does celiac disease affect men or women more commonly?
2 to 1
or
3 to 1
Female to male
What is the prevalence of Celiac Disease?
0.5 to 1%
Among first degree relatives with celiac disease, the prevalence is _____?
10 to 12%
compared to 0.5 to 1% in the general public
True or False: There is an increased prevalence of Celiac Disease in some disorders, such as Down Syndrome and Turner Syndrome.
True
True or False: Patients with Celiac Disease have an increased risk for cancer.
True (TWICE that of the general population)
What is the clinical presentation of Celiac Disease?
diarrhea
abdominal pain
abdominal swelling
Patients with Celiac Disease have an increased risk of __________ which can occur in the intestines or other areas.
B-Cell or T-Cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
______ diets are often used in an attempt to control epilepsy, primarily in children.
Ketogenic (high-protein low carb diets)
What is the difference between ketosis and ketoacidosis?
Ketosis: a NORMAL physiologic response that occurs when the dietary carb levels are inadequate to meet the metabolic demand for proteins
Ketoacidosis: a PATHOLOGIC condition that can occur in insulin-dependent diabetes or alcoholism; it is potentially life-threatening
True or False: A ketogenic diet is as effective as antiepileptic medications on the short to medium-term seizure control.
True, but subjects are unable to follow the diet long-term
True or False: Failure to Thrive is a diagnosis.
False, its a term to describe malnutrition associated with child weight loss or failure to gain enough weight
What is the cause of FTT?
malnutrition
FTT is often the manifestation of an underlying disease such as ______, ______, ______, etc.
cerebral palsy celiac disease cystic fibrosis Crohn's disease Munchausen Syndrome GERD allergies/defects anorexia
