Diet and nutrition and their effect on physical performance

Question 1

carbohydrates

Answer 1

sugars and starches stored in the body as glycogen and converted to glucose in order to fuel energy production

Question 2

proteins

Answer 2

amino acids essential for the growth and repair of cells and tissues

Question 3

enzymes

Answer 3

biological catalysts which increase the speed of chemical reactions

Question 4

fats

Answer 4

triglycerides which provide the body with fatty acids for energy production

Question 5

saturated fatty acids

Answer 5

a type of fat molecule, typically solid at room temperature and mainly found in animal products. when consumed excessively they can associated with heart disease

Question 6

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 6

a type of fat molecule that is typically liquid at room temperature and found sunflower, olive and fish oils. they can help lower cholesterol

Question 7

vitamins and minerals

Answer 7

essential organic and inorganic nutrients required for healthy body function

Question 8

energy expenditure

Answer 8

the sum of basal metabolic rate, the thermic effect of food and the energy expended through physical activity

Question 9

basal metabolic rate

Answer 9

the minimum amount of energy required to sustain essential physiological function at rest which can account for as much as 75% of total energy expenditure

Question 10

thermic effect of food

Answer 10

the energy required to eat, digest, absorb and use food taken in

Question 11

energy intake

Answer 11

the total amount of energy from food and drinks consumed measured in joules or calories

Question 12

energy balance

Answer 12

the relationships between energy intake and energy expenditure

Question 13

anabolic steroids

Answer 13

synthetic derivatives of testosterone

Question 14

EPO

Answer 14

a hormone made naturally in the body secreted by the kidneys, RhEPO is the artificial

Question 15

human growth hormone

Answer 15

synthetically produced HGH, used by some athletes in place of anabolic steroids

Question 16

creatine

Answer 16

taking supplement in the form of powder/tablet to increase phosphocreatine stores in the muscle

Question 17

caffine

Answer 17

stimulates CNS and increases breakdown of FFAs for aerobic energy production

Question 18

bicarbonate

Answer 18

alkaline which acts as a buffer to neutralise a rise in acidity in the blood stream

Question 19

nitrates

Answer 19

inorganic compounds which dilate blood vessels and reduce blood pressure