Diet and Nutrition

Question 1

metabolism

Answer 1

the organic processes (in a cell or organism) that are necessary for life

Question 2

minerals

Answer 2

inorganic elements found in all body tissue

Question 3

nutrition

Answer 3

all body processes relating to food

Question 4

obesity

Answer 4

20% over ideal body weight

Question 5

osteoporosis

Answer 5

a condition in which the body’s bones become weak and break easily

Question 6

peristalsis

Answer 6

rhythmic, wavelength motion of involuntary muscles

Question 7

sodium restricted diet

Answer 7

reduced salt intake for cardiovascular disease and kidney disease

Question 8

soft diet

Answer 8

diet that requires little chewing

Question 9

therapeutic diet

Answer 9

modified normal diet used to improve specific health conditions

Question 10

vitamins

Answer 10

organic compounds that are essential to life

Question 11

antioxidants

Answer 11

enzymes or organic molecules; help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals

Question 12

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 12

the energy needed to maintain life-sustaining activities for a specific period of time at REST

Question 13

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Answer 13

a calculation that measures weight in relation to height and correlates this with body fat

Question 14

carbohydrates

Answer 14

starches and sugars found in foods, which provide your body’s main source of energy

Question 15

cellulose

Answer 15

fibrous, indigestible form of plant carbohydrate

Question 16

cholesterol

Answer 16

fatlike substance synthesized in the liver found in body cells and animal fats

Question 17

Digestion

Answer 17

physical and chemical breakdown of food by the body

Question 18

fats

Answer 18

nutrient that stores energy, cushions organs, and helps the body absorb vitamins

Question 19

hypertension

Answer 19

high blood pressure

Question 20

function of carbs

Answer 20

primary energy source
protein and fat metabolism
waste elimination and blood sugar control

Question 21

function of lipids (fats)

Answer 21

provide fatty acids necessary for growth and development
provide heat and energy
carry fat-soluble vitamins (ADEK) to body cells

Question 22

function of proteins

Answer 22

build and repair the body tissue
provide heat and energy
help produce antibodies

Question 23

function of vitamins and minerals

Answer 23

regulate, build, and repair body functions

Question 24

fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 24

A D E K

Question 25

water-soluble vitamins

Answer 25

Thiamine (B1) Riboflavin (B2) Niacin (B3) Pyridoxine (B6) B12 (Cobalamin) C (ascorbic acid) Folate (B9)

Question 26

how many essential amino acids

Answer 26

9

Question 27

Minerals

Answer 27

Calcium (Ca) Phosphorus (P) Magnesium (Mg) Sodium (Na) Potassium (K) Chlorine (Cl) Sulfur (S) Iron (Fe) Iodine (I) Copper (Cu) Flourine (Fl) Zinc (Zn) Selenium (Se)

Question 28

monosaccharide

Answer 28

glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 29

disacchardie

Answer 29

sucrose, maltose, lactose, lactulose

Question 30

polysaccharide

Answer 30

starch, glycogen

Question 31

soluble fiber

Answer 31

helps reduce blood cholesterol levels

Question 32

insoluble fiber

Answer 32

important for colon health

Question 33

urea / ammonia

Answer 33

main waste product produced by protein metabolism

Question 34

4 disorders of carbohydrate metabolism

Answer 34

galactosemia, primary lactase deficiency, lactose intolerance, sucrase deficiency

Question 35

galactosemia

Answer 35

inherited, early onset, accumulation of galactose in blood, severe symptoms = failure to thrive

Question 36

primary lactase deficiency

Answer 36

body cannot digest lactose, GI symptoms, early onset

Question 37

lactose intolerance

Answer 37

later onset, varied severity, various causes: inheritance, increased antibiotic use

Question 38

sucrase deficiency

Answer 38

similar to lactase deficiency: body cannot digest sucrase, GI symptoms, early onset

Question 39

dietary sources of protein

Answer 39

complete: animal based incomplete: plant based complete and incomplete is based upon the range of amino acids present

Question 40

types of protein malnutrition

Answer 40

Marasmus and Kwashiorkor disease

Question 41

Marasmus

Answer 41

"starvation"; both protein & calorie deficiency

Question 42

Kwashiorkor Disease

Answer 42

protein deficiency with appropriate caloric intake

Question 43

functions of amino acids

Answer 43

tissue repair; immune system support; neurotransmitter support; growth; osmotic balance; pH balance

Question 44

saturated fats

Answer 44

have no double bonds

Question 45

mono-unsaturated fats

Answer 45

have one double bound

Question 46

poly-unsaturated

Answer 46

many double bonds

Question 47

LDL - low density lipoprotein

Answer 47

- Transports cholesterol into the bloodstream - Contributes to plaque buildup in the arteries (atherosclerosis). Found in animal sources - Commonly known as BAD CHOLESTEROL

Question 48

HDL - high density lipoproteins

Answer 48

- Transports cholesterol to the LIVER to prevent accumulation in the arteries - Commonly known as GOOD CHOLESTEROL

Question 49

Vitamin D is formed in ....

Answer 49

the skin

Question 50

scurvy

Answer 50

vitamin C deficiency

Question 51

Vitamin E

Answer 51

found in all cell membranes and protects from oxidation

Question 52

functions of calcium

Answer 52

healthy bones and teeth, vasodilation/vasoconstriction

Question 53

ricketts (osteomalacia in adults)

Answer 53

result of calcium or Vitamin D deficiency

Question 54

phosphorus

Answer 54

structural component of bones and teeth, cell membranes, cell growth/repair, enzyme regulation