Diet and Lifestyle Approaches for Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Question 1

How does BMI and type 2 diabetes relate?

Answer 1

Increase BMI increases risk of Type 2 diabetes

Question 2

Describe the impact of obesity and CV risk in type 2 diabetes?

Answer 2

• Diabeteic are at increased risk of CVD, even more if obese
• Effect of obesity multifactorial, with a societal level to a molecular level
• Dietary intervention crucial for obesity

Question 3

Why is the prevalence of obesity increasing?

Answer 3

Not likely due to major genetic defect, but rather lifestyle choices/changes

• A plentiful supply of energy dense food and a sedentary lifestyle predisposes people to weight gain (and makes it difficult to lose weight)
• Obesogenic enivronment -poeple exposed to unhealthy foods that are cheap and readily available from childhood

Question 4

What two modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes does an unhealthy lifestyle increase?

Answer 4

Overweight and obesity (BMI >25) and large waist circumference (abdominal obesity)

Question 5

What are non-modifiable risk factors of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 5

• FH of NIDDM
• Age - older than 40yrs or older than 25yrs for ethnic groups
• Certain ethnicities

Question 6

What is the Eatwell guide?

Answer 6

Highlights different types of food that makes up our diet, and shows the proportions we should eat them in to have a healthy, balanced diet

Question 7

What are the suggested guidelines for adults aged 19-64yrs to prevent diabetes?

Answer 7

Stay healthy:
• Be active/sit less - 150mins of moderate aerobic activity and strength exercises > 2 days
• Build strength/improve balance
• Mix of moderate and vigorous aerobic activity

Question 8

How can moderate activeness lower risk of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 8

Exercise is a potent stimulus of muscle glucose and TAG uptake due to the increased energy demands of the activity

Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake also elevated for at ready 16hrs

Exercise increases muscle insulin sensitivity and improve postprandial (after eating) Glc control

Question 9

What type of diet has been associated with reduced risk of CVS and metabolic diseases?

Answer 9

Diets with high-fibre content

Question 10

What are the dietary approaches for diabetes?

Answer 10

• Provide knowledge of healthy eating
• Encourage life style changes
• Maintain normal BG and lipids
• Reduce acute complications (hyper/hypo-glycaemia)
• Reduce body weight