Diet And Health Flashcards
What are the 7 nutrients.
Carbohydrates Protein Vitamins Minerals Fats Fibres Water
Give 2 examples of each group
Carbohydrates : potatoes, pasta Protein : meat, fish Vitamins : green fruit and veg Minerals : milk, red meat Fats: avocado, pizza Fibres : brown pasta, brown bread Water : water, cucumber
What do the following words mean: Malnutrition Obesity Starvation Anorexia
Malnutrition is when you don’t get enough of each food group
Obesity is when you have a high amount of fat and weigh too much for your height
Starvation is when you don’t have enough food to survive
Anorexia is a mental illness which causes people to stop eating
What are the effects of exercise?
Breathing rate increases
Depths of breaths increase
Heart rate increases
Why do these effects happen?
To increase oxygen levels in the blood and the blood flow is faster. This will increase respiration as more energy will be used during respiration
What is gas exchange and where does it take place in humans?
Gas exchange in humans takes place in the alveoli of the lungs. This is one job of the lungs to put oxygen into the blood and remover carbon dioxide.
What is respiration?
Respiration is the process of making energy form glucose and oxygen
A chemical reaction that releases energy
Where does respiration happen?
It takes place in the mitochondria of the cells
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose+oxygen➡️carbon dioxide +water+energy
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose➡️lactic acid+energy
Breathing involves drawing air in and out. What body parts are needed for this?
The ribs, lungs and diaphragm are needed for this
Breathing is also known as inhalation. When you breath in, what air goes into your Lungs?
Oxygen
Breathing out is also known as exhalation. When you exhale you breathe out the contents of you lungs. What do you get rid of?
The waste gas carbon dioxide
What are the jobs of the: Trachea Rib muscles Ribs Alveoli Diaphragm
Trachea has stiff rings of cartilage to prevent it from collapsing
Rib muscles are to raise and lower the ribs
Ribs are to protect the chest
Alveoli is where gas exchange takes place
Diaphragm is a muscular sheet
What happens to the structure of the following when you inhale: Lungs Rib cage Rib muscles Gas exchange
Lungs expand
Ribs rise (up and out)
Rib muscles expand
Oxygen
What happens to the following when you exhale: Lungs Ribs Rib muscle Gas exchange
Lungs decrease in size
Ribs drop(down and in)
Rib muscles relax
Carbon dioxide
What is aerobic respiration?
When the body is able to supply the cells with oxygen and glucose
When do we use anaerobic respiration?
When the body cannot supply the cells with the oxygen needed to break down glucose. This is when energy is released without oxygen
What are the three main substances in cigarettes?
Tar
Nicotine
Carbon monoxide
What is tar, and what does it do?
Tar is a substance that contains carcinogens it causes cancer, less oxygen and it costs the lining of the alveoli
What is nicotine and what does it do?
Nicotine is an addictive drug. It can lead to heart disease, raises heart beat, narrows arteries and causes high blood pressure
What is carbon monoxide and what does it do?
Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas. It effects red blood cells and transports less oxygen
What supports your body?
The skeleton
What do bones contain?
They are alive and contain blood vessels
What do joints allow you to do?
Move and bend
What keeps your bones and teeth strong?
Calcium
Bones meet bones and a joint and are held together by what?
Ligaments
What is a sprain?
Damaged your ligament
Give 2 examples of hinge joints
Elbow joint and knee joint
What connects bones to muscle?
Tendons
What happens when muscles contract?
They pull on a tendon which links to another bone allowing you to move
Muscles contract and relax to make parts of the body move. What happens when they contract?
They get shorter
What are the four factors of sport?
Speed- how fats you can go
Strength - how strong you are
Stamina - the ability to maintain physical exercise
Suppleness - flexibility
What are the roles of the food groups?
Carbohydrates - most important source of energy, needed for respiration
Proteins- for growth and repair
Vitamins - for a healthy immune system
Minerals - give iron to red blood cells and calcium for strong bones and teeth
Fats- for insulation
Fibres- helps fill you up and keeps things moving in the digestive system
Water- to keep you hydrated
What is respiration used for?
Movement
Growth and repair
Building new molecules
Maintaining body temperature
What does the Celia do?
Helps trap mucus and microorganisms
What is the scientific name for the biceps and triceps?
Antagonistic muscles
What causes your heart rate to increase during exercise?
muscles need extra oxygen.This need means that your heart starts pumping faster, which makes for a quicker pulse.
What causes your heart rate to increase during exercise?
muscles need extra oxygen.This need means that your heart starts pumping faster, which makes for a quicker pulse.
more blood gets out to your body.
What is an independent variable?
The thing you change
What is a dependant variable?
The thing you measure
What causes your heart to pump?
Your heart is controlled by a natural pacemaker, located in the right atrium. It produces electrical impulses that start each heart beat.
