Diet And Exercise

Question 1

What does malnourished mean?

Answer 1

A person is malnourished if their diet is not balanced. This may lead to a person being overweight or underweight

Question 2

what are the different food types used for?

Answer 2

Carbohydrates, fats and proteins are used by the body to release energy and to build cells.
Mineral ions and vitamins are needed in small amounts for a healthy functioning body.

Question 3

What are proteins used for?

Answer 3

Growth and repair

Question 4

What are vitamins and minerals used for?

Answer 4

To keep the body healthy- only small amounts needed

Question 5

What do you use to measure energy content?

Answer 5

A food calorimeter

Question 6

How do you work out the sum of the energy?

Answer 6

Energy=Volume of the water (ml) x 4.2 x temperature rise of water (°C)

Question 7

What is the conversion factor?

Answer 7

The conversion factor is always 4.2

Question 8

What are some diseases associated with malnourishment?

Answer 8

Scurvy - lack of vitamin C
Rickets - lack of vitamin D
Anaemia - lack of iron

Question 9

The amount of energy a person need depends on their:

Answer 9

Level of exercise - activity
Age
Metabolic rate
External temperature
Is they are pregnant or not

Question 10

What is a metabolic rate?

Answer 10

The metabolic rate is the rate of chemical reactions inside cells. If a person has a high metabolic rate, they need more energy for their diet than a person with a low metabolic rate.

Question 11

What factors can affect your metabolic rate?

Answer 11

Activity - more active means more chemical reactions
Inherited factors
% of muscle fat- more muscle means higher metabolic rate

Question 12

What does inherited factors mean?

Answer 12

Inherited factors in the passing of phenotypic trails from parents to off doing through a sexual reproduction or sexual reproduction

Question 13

What can unbalanced diets lead to?

Answer 13

It can lead to deficiency diseases or conditions such as type 2 diabetes

Question 14

How do you work out BMI

Answer 14

Mass (kg) ÷ height (m²)

Question 15

What diseases, linked to the brain, are caused by obesity?

Answer 15

High blood pressure leads to strokes

Fatty residues fill you arteries and cause clotting which leads heart attacks

Question 16

What diseases, linked to the liver and pancreas, are caused by obesity?

Answer 16

Diabetes - cannot control sugar levels

Question 17

What is a healthy diet?

Answer 17

A healthy diet contains the right balance of the different foods you need and the right amount of energy.

Question 18

What diseases, linked to the heart and circulatory system, are caused by obesity?

Answer 18

Heart attacks
Heart failure
Because of high blood pressure

Question 19

What diseases, linked to the joints and skeleton, are caused by obesity?

Answer 19

Arthritis

Question 20

What is the only type of disease associated with obesity that you need to remember?

Answer 20

Type 2 diabetes

Question 21

What are the three main ways a person can lose mass?

Answer 21

Eat less - less energy taken into the body
Exercise - more energy used by the body
Both eat less and exercise

Question 22

What does overweight mean?

Answer 22

A person is overweight if their body carries excess fat and their BMI between 25 and 30

Question 23

What does obese mean?

Answer 23

Very over weight, with BMI of over 30

Question 24

How do inherited factors effect our health?

Answer 24

They affect your metabolic rate, which effects how easily you lose and gain mass
They affect the proportion of fat to muscle in your body
They affect the levels of cholesterol in your blood (therefore your risk of heart disease)

Question 25

What is cholesterol?

Answer 25

Cholesterol is a type of lapis. It is an essential part of our cells and some hormones.

Question 26

What are the two types of cholesterol?

Answer 26

It exists in two forms; one is LDL a “bad form”. If there is too much circulating in the blood it can cause blockages.
The other is HDL a “good form”, which helps remove blockages.

Question 27

Are your HDL levels based on your diet or your genes?

Answer 27

The amount of HDL cholesterol a person has can be significantly affected by their diet - a diet high in fat means you are more likely to have raised levels. However, the amount of HDL cholesterol has also been affected by your genes, so even if you have a balanced diet, you may still have high levels.

Question 28

How could having plaque in your arteries cause a heart attack or a stroke?

Answer 28

You need a higher blood pressure to make the blood circulate, if the artery leads to your heart or brain it could cause heart attacks or strokes because of the blockages.

Question 29

Where is cholesterol made?

Answer 29

It is made in the liver