diet and digestion Flashcards
What is a balanced diet?
The correct amount of 7 components for an individuals needs, these are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and water.
What is the function and sources of carbohydrates?
Energy sources ie. respiration.
Sugars - sweet, jam
Starch - potatoes, rice
What is the function and sources of proteins?
Growth and repaire of tissues eg. muscles
Meat, fish, eggs, beans and nuts
What is the function and sources of lipids?
Energy sources ie. used in respiration. To make cell membranes.
Fats - red meat, butter
Oils - fish, olives, corn oil
What is the function and sources of vitamin A?
To make the light-sensitive pigment in the eyes.
Liver, oily fish, butter, carrots
What is the function and sources of vitamin C?
Maintenance of healthy blood vesses, gums and skin.
Fruit eg, orange, vegetables
What is the function and sources of vitamine D?
Helps bones absorb calcium.
Liver, oily fish, made in the skin in sunlight.
What is the function and sources of calcium?
Makes bones and teeth stronger.
dairy products, fish
What is the function and sources of iron?
To make haemoglobin in red blood cells. This carries oxygen.
Red meat, liver, eggs, spinach
What is the function and sources of dietary fats?
To avoid constipation and stimulate peristalsis (movement of food along the gut)
plant foods eg. beans, wholegrain bread.
What is the function and sources of water?
To maintain cells and blood and to replace losses.
most food and drinks.
What is the energy requirement of exercise?
More energy is needed for higher activity eg. walking, running, cycling. Energy is needed for muscle contractions.
What is the energy requirement for different ages?
More energy is need by young children and teens. Energy is needed for growth and development during puberty.
What is the energy requirement if pregnant people?
More energy is required by pregnant people to supply energy to the growing embryo and to allow growth of the uterus, placenta and breasts.
what is the alimentary canal?
A long tube from the mouth to the anus. It is part of the digestive system. The walls have layers of circular and longitudinal muscles. These layer contract alternatively, in waves, pushing food along the canal by peristalsis. This allows the food to be broken down progressively in different parts of the alimentary canal.
