characteristics of living organisms

Question 1

what are the 8 characteristics all organisms have that keep the alive?

Answer 1

M.R R.C GREN
Move, Respond, Respire, Control, Grow and develop, Reproduce, Excrete and Nutrition.

Question 2

Move

Answer 2

using muscles in animals or by means of growth in plants.

Question 3

Respond

Answer 3

to their surroundings, they can detect changes or stimuli.

Question 4

Respire

Answer 4

they get energy from food.

Question 5

Control

Answer 5

their internal conditions.

Question 6

Grow and develop

Answer 6

they increase in size and mass, using materials from food.

Question 7

Reproduce

Answer 7

to make offspring.

Question 8

Excrete

Answer 8

they get rid of toxic wastes.

Question 9

Nutrition

Answer 9

they either make their own food as plants do, or they eat other organisms as animals do.

Question 10

What are the 6 main groups organism can be classified in?

Answer 10

Plants, Animals, Fungi, Bacteria, Protoctists, Viruses.

Question 11

Features of Plants

Answer 11

• they are multicellular organisms.
• they have a cell wall made of cellulose.
• some cells contain chloroplasts which carry our photosynthesis.
• plants store food in the form of carbohydrates eg. starch and sucrose.

Question 12

Features of Animals

Answer 12

• they are multicellular organisms.
• they use nervous coordination and muscles to find and catch food.
• most animals store food in carbohydrate glycogen.

Question 13

Features of Fungi

Answer 13

• they can be single-celled organism but most are multicellular.
• made of thread-like hyphae which form a body called mycelium.
• their cell walls are made of chitin.
• they feed by saprotrophic nutrition.
• they store the carbohydrate glycogen.
• some are pathogens.

Question 14

What is saprotrophic nutrition?

Answer 14

this is when fungi secrete digestive enzymes on to dead food materials to break them down and the products are absorbed.

Question 15

Features of Bacteria

Answer 15

• they are microscopic single-celled organisms.
• they have a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, plasmids and a large circular chromosome of DNA.
• some bacteria can photosynthesis but most feed off other living or dead organisms.
• some are pathogens

Question 16

Features of Protoctists

Answer 16

• they are microscopic single-celled organisms.
• their cells are larger and more complex then bacterial cells as they have a nucleus contains several chromosomes of DNA.
• some don’t have chloroplasts ex. Amoeba. others are more like plants bc they contain chloroplasts and can photosynthesis ex. Chlorella.
• some are pathogens

Question 17

Features of Viruses

Answer 17

• these are tiny particles, smaller and simpler than bacteria.
• made of protein coat enclosing wither DNA or RNA.
• They are parasitic and can only reproduce inside living cells infecting every type of living organism.

Question 18

eg plant

Answer 18

flowering plants, trees and herbs.

Question 19

eg animal

Answer 19

humans, insects and birds.

Question 20

eg Fungi

Answer 20

yeasts, moulds, mushrooms.

Question 21

eg bacteria

Answer 21

E. coli, Salmonella and pneumococcus

Question 22

eg protoctists

Answer 22

Amoeba, Chlorella and Plasmodium

Question 23

eg viruses

Answer 23

Tobacco mosaic virus, HIV.

Question 24

Which of the 6 groups have cells with cell walls?

Answer 24

Plant, fungi, protoctists and bacteria

Question 25

which of the 6 have a multicellular members and so has tissues?

Answer 25

Animal

Question 26

Give an example of an organ and state its function.

Answer 26

Heart, pumps blood around the body.

Question 27

put the following in order if increasing size: Organ, Organelle, Tissue, System, cell.

Answer 27

organelle, cell, tissues, organ, system.