Diet and Digestion Flashcards
What do we need food for?
- energy
- growth
- health
What do carbohydrates break down into and what is the end product?
Carbohydrates —> simple sugars & complex starch/fibre —> energy
what do fats break down into and what is the end product?
fats —> fatty acids and glycerol —> energy and insulation
what do proteins break down into and what is the end product?
proteins —> amino acids —> growth
what do vitamins break down into and what is the end product?
vitamins —> random molecules —> healthy
what do minerals break down into and what is the end product?
minerals —> inorganic ions —> healthy
chemical tests:
- starch –> liquid? –> colour?
- sugar/glucose –> liquid? –> colour?
- proteins –> liquid? –> colour?
- starch –> iodine –> black
- sugar/glucose –> benedicts –> orange/red
- proteins –> biuret –> purple/lilac
what is the formula to find the amount of energy released?
energy released (joules) =
temp rise x vol water x 4.2
DIVIDED BY
mass of snack
what is the formula to find the amount of energy released?
energy released (joules) =
temp rise x vol water x 4.2
DIVIDED BY
mass of snack
what are the health risks associated with:
- carbs
- fats
-protein
-vitamins/minerals
- carbs = tooth decay/type 2 diabetes /obesity
- fats = obesity/heart disease/type 2 d/strokes
- proteins (lack of) = poor growth
- vits/mins = deficiency symptoms
what does the mouth do?
- physical digestion = teeth chew food
- chemical digestion = amylase in saliva
Stomach -
- what is the stomach that kills bacteria?
- ______ digests proteins into _____ _____
- what is the pH in the stomach?
- hydrochloric acid
- PROTEASE digests proteins into AMINO ACIDS
- 1-2 pH
Small intestine-
- bile is made in the _____, is stored in the ____ _______ and goes through the ____ ____
- what does the bile emulsify fats into?
- what are the benefits of emulsification?
- what does pancreatic juice contain?
- liver, gall bladder, bile duct
- fatty droplets
- larger surface area for enzymes to act on
- amylase, lipase and protease to digest carbs, proteins and fats
what is the large intestine used for?
absorption of water
where is blood processed and released?
all useful and non-useful products are processed in the liver before being either released back into the hepatic vein or stored in the liver for later use.
what is the main purpose of villi?
to increase the surface area of the wall of the small intestine to maximize the rate of absorption of digested food.
how is the small intestine well adapted for absorption?
it is a long tube, and so has a larger surface area for diffusion/active transport to take place.
how does having a good blood supply fit the purpose of the villi?
- constantly flows in and out through blood capillaries
- maintains a high diffusion gradient
the villus has a ______-______ wall so there is a _____ distance for _________.
single-celled
short
diffusion
what does the lacteal do?
absorbs fat (digested lipids) which will eventually reach the blood stream at some point.
what is the role of an enzyme?
- it speeds up chemical reactions
- acts as a catalyst
what are enzymes made of?
protein
what is the active site of an enzyme?
the active site is where the substrate fits into it.
what is the lock and key hypothesis?
the shape of the active site matches the shape of its substrate molecules. This makes enzymes highly specific.
