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88L10 > [Diesel Engine Principles and Construction] > Flashcards

[Diesel Engine Principles and Construction] Flashcards

1
Q

What type of intake/exhaust valves used in internal-combustion engines have heads with conically shaped or beveled edges and a beveled seat? (gives the valves a self-centering action)

A

Poppet valves

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2
Q

What is the barrel in which an engine piston moves back and forth?

A

Cylinder liner

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3
Q

What are diagrams which show the relationship between pressures and corresponding piston positions?

A

Pressure-volume diagrams (indicator cards)

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4
Q

KTA 50

To prevent permanent starter motor damage, do not crank the engine for more than how many seconds?

A

30 seconds (wait 1-2 minutes before re-cranking)

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5
Q

What is wear of the adjusting screws usually caused by?

A

Loose locknuts

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6
Q

How many degrees of crankshaft rotation are involved in one stroke?

A

180 degrees

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7
Q

What stores up energy during the power events and releases it during the remaining events of the operating cycle? (absorbs energy of the crankshaft)

A

Flywheel

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8
Q

KTA 50

How is diesel fuel supplied to the injectors?

A

Fuel pump that is driven by the front camshaft (geared to the crankshaft

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9
Q

Which type of crown design is commonly used in marine engines?

A

Concave

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10
Q

KTA 50

What is the heat exchanger for coolant?

A

Keel cooler

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11
Q

On a 2-stroke, the camshaft turns at ___ the crankshaft speed.

A

Same speed as

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12
Q

KTA 50

What reduces or increases intake air temperature?

A

Aftercooler

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13
Q

What are the points which designate changes in direction of motion for a piston and crank called?

A
  • Top dead center (TDC)

* Bottom dead center (BDC)

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14
Q

What are two satisfactory cleaning agents?

A
  • Diesel oil

* Kerosene

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16
Q

What aids in sealing the cylinder to prevent the escape of gas?

A

Piston

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17
Q

KTA 50

Where is the oil cooler located?

A

In the “V” between the cylinders banks and under the aftercooler

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18
Q

What are the parts of the valve actuating mechanism that change the rotary motion of the camshaft to reciprocating motion to open the valves?

A

Cam followers

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19
Q

KTA 50

What is designed to keep the equipment in good working condition?

A

PMCS

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20
Q

What are the three types of piston pins?

A
  • Stationary
  • Semi-floating
  • Full-floating
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21
Q

What are flat steel plates attached to each end of the cylinder block to add rigidity to the block?

A

End plates

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23
Q

How are diesel engines designated?

A
  • Cylinders
  • Bore
  • Stroke
  • Speed

more rarely, by displacement
_________________

6 x 3 3/4 x 5 x 1500
(Cylinders x Bore x Stroke x Speed)

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24
Q

KTA 50

How is the engine pressure-lubricated?

A

By a gear-type lube oil pump mounted to the block directly below the crankshaft and driven from the rear crankshaft gear

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25
Q

KTA 50

How many lube oil filters are there?

A

5 in parallel

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26
Q

What are the four piston strokes involved in a 4-stroke cycle?

A
  • Intake
  • Compression
  • Power/Combustion
  • Exhaust
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27
Q

What two factors make the period immediately after starting an engine critical for cylinder liners?

A
  • Lack of lubrication

* Condensation of corrosive vapors

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29
Q

What receives the side thrust created by the movement of the crank and connecting rods, and aids in proper alignment of the piston in the cylinder?

A

Piston skirt

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30
Q

KTA 50

What is the operating temperature?

A

175-195 degrees Fahrenheit

31
Q

KTA 50

What is circulated by a centrifugal water pump with mounted thermostats to control engine operating temperature?

A

Coolant

32
Q

How is displacement calculated?

A

Piston Area x Stroke x Number of Cylinders

34
Q

What are the main causes of burned valves?

A
  • Carbon deposits
  • Insufficient tappet clearance
  • Defective valve seats
  • Valve heads that have been excessively reground
36
Q

On a 4-stroke, the camshaft turns at ___ the crankshaft speed.

A

1/2

37
Q

Seven characteristics of a KTA 50

  • Hp
  • Idle RPM
  • Max RPM
  • # of cylinders
  • # of strokes
  • Fuel
  • Cooling
A
  • 1250 hp
  • Idle RPM: 725 - 775 RPM
  • Max RPM: 2100 RPM
  • 16 cylinders
  • 4-stroke
  • Diesel
  • Water-cooled
38
Q

What are the two types of connecting rods?

A
  • Conventional

* Fork and blade

39
Q

What term identifies the sequence of events that take place in the cylinder of an engine for each power impulse transmitted to the crankshaft?

A

Cycle

41
Q

What seal the cylinder and combustion space to prevent gases within the space from escaping until they have performed their function?

A

Compression rings

42
Q

What term is used to identify an event which occurs in a cycle of operation?

A

Stroke

42
Q

What prevents the formation of a ridge or lip on the water-jacketed liner surface at the upper point of ring travel?

A

Counterbore

43
Q

KTA 50

What removes heat created during engine operation?

A

Coolant system

44
Q

What seal the cylinder, distribute and control lubricating oil on the cylinder wall, and transfer heat from the piston to the cylinder wall?

A

Piston rings

45
Q

KTA 50

What changes the rotating speed of the turbocharger turbine?

A

Changes in the energy level of exhaust gases

46
Q

What are the two types of piston rings?

A
  • Compression

* Oil

47
Q

What are the three basic engine designs?

A

In-line, V-type, and opposed-piston

48
Q

What provides high volume, low pressure air to the cylinder?

A

Blower

49
Q

What is essential for proper engine operation?

A

Lubrication

49
Q

What acts as the moving surface that changes the volume of the cylinder’s content, removes gases from the cylinder, and transmits the force of combustion?

A

Piston crown

50
Q

KTA 50

1) What is the oil pressure at idle?
2) What is the oil pressure at the minimum rated RPM?
3) What is the oil pressure at the maximum rated RPM?

A

1) 20 psi
2) 45 psi
3) 70 psi

52
Q

What causes the engine to misfire and produces unusual noises at the cam follower, push rod, and rocker arm?

A

Sticking valve

52
Q

What serve as oil returns, permitting lubricating oil from the cylinder wall to pass through the piston into the crankshaft?

A

Oil drains

53
Q

What do piston rings do?

A
  • Seal the cylinder
  • Distribute and control lubricating oil on the cylinder wall
  • Transfer heat from the piston to the cylinder wall
54
Q

What is the best method of determining whether excessive wear has taken place in a liner?

A

Measuring the cylinder liner with inside micrometer calipers

55
Q

What are the two piston strokes involved in a 2-stroke cycle?

A
  • Power

* Compression

55
Q

What are the two types of liners and oil sumps?

A
  • Dry

* Wet

56
Q

What are cylinders lying in one plane called?

A

Bank

56
Q

What serves to confine and release gases?

A

Cylinder assembly

57
Q

KTA 50

What forces additional air into combustion chambers so the engine can burn more fuel and develop more horsepower than if it were naturally aspirated?

A

Turbocharger

58
Q

What distribute oil to the cylinder wall in sufficient quantity to prevent metal-to-metal contact, and control the amount of oil distributed?

A

Oil rings

59
Q

What feature is equipped with a spring-loaded pressure plate that is designed to release excess pressure in the event of a crankcase explosion or extreme pressure within the crankcase?

A

Safety cover

59
Q

What are the common problems with valve assemblies?

A
  • Sticking, bent, and burned valves
  • Cracked and loose valve seats
  • Weak and broken valve springs
  • Worn valve keepers and retaining washers
  • Broken valve heads
60
Q

What can be used to determine the position of the crankshaft when the engine is being timed?

A

Flywheel rim degree markings

61
Q

What can greatly help in finding cracks that would otherwise be invisible on valve springs?

A

Magnaflux

61
Q

What are heavily-reinforced openings in the piston skirt, and serve as mounting places for the bushings or bearings which support the wrist pin?

A

Bosses

62
Q

What hold the piston rings in position and keep them properly spaced?

A

Grooves and lands

63
Q

What is used when one rocker arm opens two valves simultaneously?

A

Bridge

64
Q

What type of engine has two connecting rods attached to each crankpin?

A

V-type

65
Q

What is the movement from BDC to TDC, or from TDC to BDC?

A

Stroke

66
Q

What are pistons made of?

A

Cast iron and aluminum

88L10 (22 decks)

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