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Med Neuro Block 4 > Diencephalon: Structure and Function > Flashcards

Diencephalon: Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

Location of the Diencephalon

A

Embryologically between the telencephalon and mesencephalon
Between cerebral cortex and brainstem
Medial to internal capsule
Divided in the midline by the third ventricle

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2
Q

Diencephalic Subdivisions

A 
Epithalamus 
Dorsal thalamus
Ventral thalamus
Subthalamus
Hypothalamus
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3
Q

Epithalamus consists of:

A

Habenula, Pineal Gland, Posterior Commissure

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4
Q

Dorsal Thalamus (or Thalamus) consists of:

A

Thalamic nuclei, External Medullary Lamina, Internal Medullary Lamina

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5
Q

Ventral Thalamus consists of:

A

Reticular Nucleus of the Thalamus

Ventral Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (vLGN)

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6
Q

Subthalamus consists of:

A 
Zona Incerta
Subthalamic Nucleus (of Luys)
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7
Q

Hypothalamus consists of:

A

Hypothalamic nuclei, Infundibulum, Hypophysis (pituitary gland), Hypophyseal portal system

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8
Q

Blood Supply of the Thalamus

A 
Anterior communicating artery
Posterior communicating artery 
ACA
PCA
Internal Carotid Artery
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9
Q

What are some functions of the thalamus??

A

“Gateway to the cortex”

  1. Relays all sensory information to the cerebral cortex
  2. Relays information about motor activities to the cerebral cortex
  3. Integrates sensory information from different modalities and projects to association cortex
  4. Relays emotional and affective information to the cortex
  5. Part of “Papez Circuit” of the limbic system, projects to limbic cortex
  6. Intimately involved in the control of alertness, arousal and sleep
  7. Under direct cortical feedback and control: reciprocal connections between the thalamus and the cortex
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10
Q

Afferent Input, Efferent Output and Function of Anterior Nuclear Group

A

Afferent: Mammillary Body
Efferent: Cingulate gyrus
Functions: Limbic

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11
Q

Afferent Input, Efferent Output and Function of Ventral Anterior

A

Afferent: Globus Pallidus
Efferent: Premotor Cortex (area 6)
Functions: Motor

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12
Q

Afferent Input, Efferent Output and Function of Ventral Lateral

A

Afferent: Dentate nucleus of cerebellum
Efferent: Motor and premotor (areas 4 and 6)
Functions: Motor

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13
Q

Afferent Input, Efferent Output and Function of Ventral Posterior Lateral

A

Afferent: Dorsal column-medial lemniscus and spinothalamic
Efferent: Somatosensory cortex (areas 3, 1, 2)
Functions: Somatic sensation (body)

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14
Q

Afferent Input, Efferent Output and Function of Ventral Posterior Medial

A

Afferent: Sensory nuclei of trigeminal nerve
Efferent: Somatosensory cortex (areas 3, 1, 2)
Functions: Somatic sensation (face)

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15
Q

Afferent Input, Efferent Output and Function of Lateral geniculate

A

Afferent: Retinal Ganglion Cells
Efferent: Primary Visual Cortex (area 17)
Function: Vision

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16
Q

Afferent Input, Efferent Output and Function of Medial geniculate

A

Afferent: Inferior colliculus
Efferent: Primary auditory cortex (areas 41, 42)
Function: Audition

17
Q

Afferent Input, Efferent Output and Function of Lateral Dorsal

A

Afferent: Cingulate gyrus
Efferent: Cingulate gyrus
Function: Emotional expression

18
Q

Afferent Input, Efferent Output and Function of Lateral Posterior

A

Afferent: Parietal cortex
Efferent: Parietal cortex
Function: Emotional expression

19
Q

Afferent Input, Efferent Output and Function of Pulvinar

A

Afferent: Superior Colliculus, Parietal, Occipital and Temporal lobes
Efferent: Parietal, occipital and temporal lobes (POT)
Function: Integration of sensory information

20
Q

Afferent Input, Efferent Output and Function of Medial Dorsal

A

Afferent: Amygdaloid nuclear complex, olfactory, hypothalamus
Efferent: Prefrontal Cortex
Function: Limbic

21
Q

Afferent Input, Efferent Output and Function of Midline Nuclei

A

Afferent: Reticular formation and hypothalamus
Efferent: Basal forebrain
Functions: Limbic

22
Q

Afferent Input, Efferent Output and Function of Intralaminar nuclei: Centro-median, Centro-lateral and Parafascicularis

A

Afferent: Reticular formation, spinothalamic tract, globus pallidus, and cortical areas
Efferent: Basal ganglia and wide areas of cortex
Function: Role in pain, sleep and wakefulness

23
Q

Afferent Input, Efferent Output and Function of Reticular nucleus

A

Afferent: Cortex, thalamus, brain stem reticular formation
Efferent: Thalamic nuclei
Function: Modulation of thalamic activity

24
Q

What is Thalamic Syndrome?

A

Caused by vascular lesion/tumor (rare)
Usually involves damage to the lateral group of thalamic nuclei (VPL)
Initially: contralateral hemianalgesia
Soon: painful sensations appear with noxious stimuli
Later: pain is provoked by pressure, touch and vibration
In time: state of spontaneous, constant or paroxysmal pain is evoked on the affected side (contralateral to the lesion) without any external stimulus (Dysesthesia)
Threshold for pain, temp and tactile sensate is usually raised on the affected side – but once the threshold is reached, pain has a strong emotional overtone to it.

Med Neuro Block 4 (5 decks)

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