ANS

Question 1

What are the 3 main functions of the ANS?

Answer 1

1. Maintain homeostasis
2. Emergency responses
3. Facilitate reproduction function

Question 2

Pregang and Postgang Ntm for sympathetic pathways

Answer 2

Pregang: ACh
Postgang: Norepi except sweat glands and vasodilator fibers –> ACh

Question 3

Pregang and Postgang Ntm for parasympathetic pathways

Answer 3

Pregang: ACh
Postgang: ACh

Question 4

Sympathetic division

Answer 4

Thoraco-lumbar origin (T1-L2)

Question 5

Parasympathetic Division

Answer 5

Cranio-sacral origin (CNs 3, 7, 9, 10; S2-S4)

Question 6

Four courses of a sympathetic preganglionic axon:

Answer 6

1. Synaptic contact with post gang neuron in sympathetic trunk ganglion at same level
2. Pass up or down sympathetic trunk to contact post gang neuron at a different level
3. Pass through paravertebral ganglion to contact postgang neuron within a pre vertebral ganglion
4. Pass through paravertebral ganglion en route to the adrenal medulla

Question 7

White rami communicantes

Answer 7

myelinated, only between T1-L2

Question 8

Gray rami communicantes

Answer 8

un-myelinated, at every vertebral level

Question 9

Name the CN, Peripheral ganglia and target organ for the brainstem nuclei:
Edinger Westphal

Answer 9

3
Ciliary ganglion
Sphincter pupillae m

Question 10

Name the CN, Peripheral ganglia and target organ for the brainstem nuclei:
Superior salivatory

Answer 10

7
Pterygopalatine–Lacrimal
Submandibular–Sublingual and submandibular

Question 11

Name the CN, Peripheral ganglia and target organ for the brainstem nuclei:
Inferior salivatory

Answer 11

9
Otic
Parotid gland

Question 12

Name the CN, Peripheral ganglia and target organ for the brainstem nuclei:
Dorsal motor nucleus

Answer 12

10
Myenteric and submucosal
Smooth mm. and glands of GI tract

Question 13

Characteristics of Horner’s Syndrome

Answer 13

Ptosis, Miosis, Anhydrosis, Enopthalmos

D/t loss of sympathetic innervation

Question 14

What is autonomic dysreflexia following SCI

Answer 14

Disordered autonomic response in people with SCI at T6 and above
Caused following a noxious stimulus –> pain fibers cannot ascent through damaged zone, resulting in activation of local reflexive sympathetic outflow producing widespread vasoconstriction and elevated BP
Symptoms: h/a, hypertension, bradycardia, piloerection, pallor

Question 15

Wallenburg Syndrome (lateral medullary syndrome)

Answer 15

Dysarthria
Dysphagia
Contralateral loss of pain and temperature
Ipsilateral loss of facial sensation
Horner’s syndrome

Question 16

What is Hirshprung’s Disease?

Answer 16

Congenital absence of myenteric plexus – no peristalsis in denervated colon compared to proximal part of colon which becomes distended
Constipation
Surgically attach normal colon to rectum

Question 17

Which nerves supply the female external genitalia?

Answer 17

Ilioinguinal and perineal nerves