Diebel- Innate Immunity

Question 1

What are defensins and cathelicidins?

Answer 1

Antimicrobial peptides that concentrate in the membranes of pathogens, dimerize and forms pores that lead to increased cell permeability and ultimately cell death.

Question 2

What is the difference between defensins and cathelicidins?

Answer 2

Cathelicidins- alpha- helical peptides

Defensins- beta peptides connected by disulfide bonds

Question 3

What are the two categories of defensins?

Answer 3

Alpha
HNP1-4: defensins conc in granules of the PMN, monocytes, leukocytes
HD-5-6: paneth cells of the small intestine

Beta
HBD 1-4: beta defensin is secreted by epithelial cells on the mucosal surface.

Question 4

What is the main signaling pathway used by every TLR receptor except TLR3?

Answer 4

MyD88

Question 5

Which TLR processes produced IC and which produce IC and type 1 IFN?

Answer 5

IC- 1,2,5,6,10

IC and type 1 IFN- 3,4,7,8,9

Question 6

Which TLRs are on the cell membrane and which are concentrated on the endosome?

Answer 6

Cell membrane- 1-6 except 3

Endosome- 3 and 7-10

Question 7

TLR 1

Answer 7

LPS, Gram + Bacteria

Question 8

TLR 2/6

Answer 8

LPS, Gram +

Question 9

TLR 3

Answer 9

dsRNA viruses

Question 10

TLR 4

Answer 10

Lipopolysaccharides, Gram - bacteria

Question 11

TLR 5

Answer 11

Flagellin, Bacteria

Question 12

TLR 7

Answer 12

ssRNA, viruses

Question 13

TLR 8

Answer 13

ssRNA, guansyl rich oligonucleotides

Question 14

TLR 9

Answer 14

CPG DNA

Question 15

TLR 10

Answer 15

Profilin like proteins

Question 16

What are the main products of the signaling cascade following the TLR activation?

Answer 16

AP-1
INF- cytokines–> Adaptive IR
NF-kB–> pro-inflammatory genes, phagocytosis/synthesis of ROS, increased APC presentation

Question 17

What are the important cytokines involved in NK cell differentiation?

Answer 17

IL-3–> SCF, IL2

Question 18

What do dendritic cells, basophils and eosinophils have in common?

Answer 18

GM-CSF ONLY
DC- IL-4
Basophils- IL-3 and IL-4
Eosinophils- IL-3 and IL-5

Question 19

What do neutrophils and monocytes have in common?

Answer 19

GM-CSF
G-CSF
M-CSF
IL-3

Question 20

What is the pathway for a macrophage?

Answer 20

Same as a monocyte +
GM-CSF
M-CSF

Question 21

What are they key lymphoctye markers for T cells?

Answer 21

CD 3 (TCR)
CD 4 (Th)
CD 8 (Tk)
CD 23

Question 22

What are the key lymphocyte markers for B cells?

Answer 22

CD 1
CD 19
CD 20
CD 23
 CD 40
CD 79a/b (BCR receptor)

Question 23

What is the TF most commonly activated in inflammation and what does it do?

Answer 23

TNF alpha–> pro- inflammatory inflammation or apoptosis