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Cardiology Part II > Diastolic Dysfunction Lecture Powerpoint > Flashcards

Diastolic Dysfunction Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards

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1
Q

Diastolic Heart failure is also known as…

A

…heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF)

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2
Q

Diastolic dysfunction is ____ most commonly in patients

A

Asymptomatic

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3
Q

Young patients are likely to experience ____ type of heart failure, while older patients are likely to experience ____

A

systolic, diastolic

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4
Q

Diastolic heart failure symptoms (5)

A
  • dyspnea***
  • pulmonary edema
  • left sided heart failure symptoms
  • Elevated BNP
  • Evidence of increased ventricular wall thickness on echo
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5
Q

Diastolic heart failure causes (3)

A
  • chronic hypertension** with LVH
  • Aortic stenosis with LVH
  • ischemic heart disease
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6
Q

Diastolic dysfunction is a source of….

A

…..atrial fibrillation, atrial fib is poorly tolerated in diastolic heart failure (diastolic heart failure does not tolerate tachycardia well)

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7
Q

Diastolic heart failure involves a ____ ventricle, and has a drop in ____ because of decreased ____

A

Stiff (noncompliant), stroke volume, end diastolic volume

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8
Q

Diastolic dysfunction definition

A

Abnormal cardiac relaxation, filling, or distensibility resulting in elevating filling pressure being needed to achieve normal ventricular filling (to normal EDV), often done thru the RAAS

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9
Q

Differential diagnosis of diastolic heart failure (3)

A
  • obesity
  • lung disease
  • volume overload
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10
Q

Physical exam finding of diastolic heart failure

A

S4

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11
Q

Laboratory studies for diastolic heart failure (4)

A
  • Echo***
  • BNP
  • EKG (LVH, left atrial hypertrophy)
  • CXR
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12
Q

1 drug treatment for hypertension

A

ACEI

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13
Q

It is important not to use ____ in treating systolic heart failure, but can use them in diastolic heart failure

A

Non-hydropyridine Ca2+ channel blockers

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14
Q

Cardiomyopathy definition

A

General term indicating disease of cardiac muscle resulting in abnormal function not due to hypertension, ischemic disease, or valvular disease

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15
Q

Ischemic cardiomyopathy

A

A pseudocardiomyopathy that is the leading cause of heart failure in developed countries

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16
Q

List the true cardiomyopathies (4)

A
  • dilated (ventricular dilation)
  • hypertrophic (myocardial hypertrophy)
  • Restrictive (impaired filling due to fibrosis)
  • Arrhythmogenic right ventricular (uhh skip this)
17
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Most common true cardiomyopathy, characterized by dilation and impaired systolic function of right or left ventricle globally, 50% of cases unknown etiology, others include viral infection or familial inheritance

18
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy clinical features (4)

A
  • both R/L heart failure
  • arrhythmia
  • thrombus
  • S3
19
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy treatment options (5)

A
  • B blockers
  • ACEI
  • Diuretics
  • Cardiac resyncronization therapy
  • Transplant
20
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Unexplained myocardial hypertrophy disproportional to hemodynamic load with disarray of muscle fibers, inherited in most cases, most common cardiovascular cause of death in athletes

21
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy differs from left ventricular hypertrophy in that….

A

….it is disproportional to hemodynamic load and asymmetrical

22
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy clinical features (4)

A
  • dyspnea
  • chest pain
  • syncope
  • sudden death
23
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy diagnostic studies (2)

A
  • echo is diagnostic

- EKG

24
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy treatment options (3)

A
  • automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD)
  • Myectomy
  • Catheter directed alcohol ablation
25
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

Restrictive ventricular filling and reduced diastolic volumes with normal or near normal wall thickness, uncommon in IS and presents with diastolic dysfunction (poor prognosis)

26
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy causes (3)

A
  • amyloidosis
  • sarcoidosis
  • drug induced fibrosis
27
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy clinical presentation (3)

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Fatigue
  • Elevated venous pressures (both sides of heart equally effective)
28
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy diagnostic studies (3)

A
  • EKG low voltage
  • Echo
  • biopsy
29
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy may present similar to…

A

…restrictive pericarditis

30
Q

Amyloidosis and what 2 cardiomyopathies is it seen with? What characteristic feature does it present with?

A

Abnormal proteins produced by plasma cells in bone marrow, deposit in tissues and organs and cause structural and functional damage

  • seen with hypertrophy and restrictive cardiomyopathy
  • Low voltage on EKG despite hypertrophy on echo (nonconductive tissue)
31
Q

Hemochromatosis and what two cardiomyopathies is it seen with?

A
  • Inherited disorder of iron metabolism causing overload and accumulation in different organs of the body
  • Dilated or restricted cardiomyopathy

Cardiology Part II (18 decks)

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