Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiology Part II > Atrial Fibrillation Lecture Powerpoint > Flashcards

Atrial Fibrillation Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards

fuck

1
Q

A fib patients have a ___x rate of death compared to normal sinus rhythm and ___x increased risk of stroke. What population is highest prevalence of afib?

A

2x, 5x, elderly (>70 years)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A fib causes a loss of ____ that contributes up to 25% of cardiac output

A

Atrial kick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 months of persistent Afib can result in…

A

….myolysis of cells, can make conversion to normal sinus rhythm much more difficult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 clinical expressions of Afib

A

Paroxysmal - 1 hour to 48 hours
Persistent - 2 days to few weeks
Chronic - months to years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Most common arrhythmia responsible for Afib

A

-Reentry mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Source of most afib origin foci can be found in the…

A

…pulmonary veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Risk factors of Afib (7)

A
  • lone atrial fibrillation in absence of structural heart disease
  • holiday heart syndrome (excessive alcohol intake)
  • HTN
  • HF
  • Post MI
  • rheumatic valve disease (most common valvular disease to cause)
  • Post CABG
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A common sequellae in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyiopathy (HOCM) is…

A

…ventricular tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Afib clinical symptoms (4)

A
  • May be asymptomatic especially if chronic
  • palpitations
  • SOB
  • syncope
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Atrial fibrillation waves rate approx ____ bpm while atrial flutter has present ___ waves

A

100-160, p waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Increased left atrial size on echocardiogram as result of chronic a fib impacts cardioversion how?

A

Makes it more difficult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hemodynamically unstable patients with acute afib require this treatment (1)

A

direct cardioversion (synchronized)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hemodynamically stable patients with acute afib require this treatment (4)

A

pharmacological approach by drugs including digoxin, IV dilitiazem or verapamil, and B blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

3 principals of managing patient with Afib

A
  • Rate control
  • rhythm control
  • anticoagulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pharmacological forms of rhythm control (4) and nonpharmacologic ones (2)

A
  • amiodarone, sotalol, dofetilide, azemilide

- pulmonary vein catheter ablation or MAZE procedure (scarring of tissue to prevent abnormal signaling)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Highest risk of embolism is during the ____ of afib

A

First year

17
Q

CHA2DS2VASc definition

A

A calculator to determine risk of stroke in afib patients where points are awarded to determine level of risk and justify indications for anticoagulation use (a score of 1 can indicate ASA, but 2 or more requires other anticoagulants)

18
Q

Pradaxa (dabigatran) function

A

Direct thrombin (IIa) inhibitor that is used to prevent stroke in afib patients without need to check PT/INR

19
Q

Xarelto (rivoraxaban) function

A

Factor Xa inhibitor used to prevent stroke in afib patients without needing PT/INR check

20
Q

2 most popular anticoagulants used to prevent stroke in A fib patients

A

-Apixaban and rivoraxaban

21
Q

After cardioversion, an Afib patient must be on anticoagulant agents for at least ____ weeks

A

4

22
Q

2 pharmacologic cardioversion agents

A
  • ibutilide

- dofetilide

23
Q

The problem with antiarrhythmic agents

A

Afib is a bad condition, but some of the drugs increase life threatening arrhythmias and therefore are only given to patients if they have symptomatic afib despite adequate rate control

24
Q

Amiodarone negative toxic side effects (5)

A
  • pulmonary toxicity
  • hyper//hypothyroidism
  • pulmonary fibrosis (most common)
  • liver toxicity
  • proarrhythmias
25
Q

Dronedarone function

A

Similar function to amiodarone but non iodinated and thus removes its bad side effects (decreases stroke, hospitalization, and death)

26
Q

Dronedarone negative toxic side effects (4)

A
  • GI nausea
  • rash
  • mild increase in serum creatinine
  • decreased LV contraction (contraindicated in patients in heart failure)
27
Q

What 2 parts of an EKG can you easily see flutter?

A

V1 or lead II

28
Q

Atrial fib is a _____ _____ rhythm

A

irregularly irregular

29
Q

Atrial fib can exist alongside _____.

A

Atrial flutter

30
Q

4 classes of antiarrhythmic drugs

A

I (ABC) - Na+ Channel blockers
II - B blockers
III - K+ channel blockers
IV - Ca2+ channel blockers

31
Q

Ashman’s phenomena

A

During atrial fib, a particularly wide QRS following a long RR interval then a short RR interval, often mistaken for a PVC that is benign in itself

32
Q

2 EKG characteristics of pre-excitation syndrome (Wolff Parkinson white)

A
  • short PR interval

- Delta waves

33
Q

Anticoagulant required for use in valvular disease opposed to apixaban or rivoraxaban

A

Coumadin

34
Q

Why are newer anticoagulants preferred in elderly patients? (3 reasons)

A

-simplified dosing, reduced drug to drug interactions, and reduced monitoring requirements

Cardiology Part II (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions