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Self Care > Diarrhea (Self Care) > Flashcards

Diarrhea (Self Care) Flashcards

1
Q

Acute Diarrhea is classified as

A

fewer than 14 days of symptoms

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2
Q

Persistent Diarrhea is classified as

A

14 days to 4 weeks

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3
Q

Chronic DIarrhea is classified as

A

More than 4 weeks

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4
Q

How is Acute Diarrhea generally treated?

A

WIth management of fluid and electrolyte replacement, dietary interventions, and nonprescription drug treatment.

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5
Q

What may be causes for Acute Diarrhea?

A

Poisoning, medications, intolerance of certain foods, or various non-GI acute or chronic illness

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6
Q

What virus constitutes the most common cause of diarrheal illness in adults and children, with highest incidence in children <5 years of age?

A

Noroviruses (occurs year-round)

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7
Q

What virus causes gastroenteritis in patients all ages; Most common cause of SEVERE diarrhea in infants and young children?

A

Rotavirus

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8
Q

How is Norovirus spread

A

-Most often transmitted by contaminated water or food
-Also from person to person through contact w/ contaminated environmental surfaces
-

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9
Q

How is Rotavirus spread and some adverse effects from it?

A

-fecal-oral route
-Can cause severe dehydration and electrolyte disturbances, may result in death

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10
Q

Where is the suspected site of infection if PTs diarrhea is watery

A

Small intestine
(caused by toxin-producing pathogens)

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11
Q

Where is the suspected site of infection if PTs diarrhea is bloody (dysentery-like)

A

Large intestine

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12
Q

Are any nonprescription therapies available to manage diarrhea caused by protozoa (ex. Entamoeba histolytica)

A

No, self-management is inappropriate in this case

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13
Q

How does someone get Traveler’s diarrhea?

A

Acquired mainly through ingestion of contaminated water and/or food

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14
Q

Bacterial and Viral pathogens have an incubation of ______

A

6-72 hours
Result in quicker onset of diarrhea

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15
Q

Protozoal pathogens have an incubation period of _____

A

1-2 weeks
Onset of diarrhea rarely seen in first few days

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16
Q

List the 4 classifications of diarrhea

A

-Osmotic
-Secretory
-Inflammatory
-Motor

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17
Q

What are the classifications/mechanisms of acute diarrhea?

A

Osmotic
Secretory

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18
Q

What are the classifications/mechanisms of chronic diarrhea?

A

Motor
Inflammatory

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19
Q

Undigested food particles in stool suggest disease of the _____ _______

A

Small Intestine

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20
Q

Black, tary stools may indicate ______

A

Upper GI Bleeding

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21
Q

What does red stool suggest

A

-Lower bowel or hemrrhoidal bleeding
-Recent ingestion of red foods (beets) or drug products

22
Q

Many small-volume stools suggests ________

A

Colonic disorder

23
Q

Yellowish stools indicate ______

A

Presence of bilirubin and potentially serious pathology of the liver

24
Q

Whitish tint to stool suggests _____

A

Fat malabsorption disease

25
Q

What age range of children are most likely to suffer from complications that require hospitalization

A

Children 2 years old and younger

26
Q

How many bowel movements within 24 hours can potentially lead to loss of fluids and result in circulatory collapse and renal failure in 2 month old infants

A

8-10 bowel movements

27
Q

What is the initial self-management with mild to moderate uncomplicated diarrhea? (FIRST-LINE TREATMENT)

A

Focus on fluid and electrolyte replacement with oral rehydration solutions (ORS)

28
Q

Is self-care during pregnancy appropriate?

A

No

29
Q

2 phases that oral treatment can be carried out

A

Rehydration therapy
Maintenance therapy

30
Q

True or False:
ORSs are proven to provide benefit to adults with mild diarrhea who can maintain an adequate fluid intake ?

A

False: while they are highly recommended, there is little evidence of support when given to otherwise healthy adults who can maintain an adequate fluid intake

31
Q

Why are premixed products preferred for use in children

A

They are safe and convenient

32
Q

Which ORS therapy type potentially reduces stool volume by 20%-30% in children with cholera

A

Cereal-based ORS therapy

33
Q

What medication is recommended to provide protection against travelers’ diarrhea

A

Bismuth subsalicylate (BSS)

34
Q

What ages in children can use nonprescription loperamide

A

6 years and older

35
Q

Name a non prescription antidiarrheal opioid agonist that provides symptomatic relief of acute, nonspecific diarrhea

A

Loperamide

36
Q

What are drug interactions reported with loperamide

A

P-gP inhibitors (quinidine)

37
Q

Agent FDA approve for management of ACUTE diarrhea

A

Bismuth subsalicylate (BSS)

38
Q

What age range for children is the use of BSS safe

A

children 12 years and older

39
Q

What is the function of BSS

A

exerts antidiarrheal effects that reduce fluid and electrolyte losses, frequency of unformed stools, nausea, vomiting

40
Q

Why should the use of BSS in children be cautioned

A

Possible Reye syndrome

41
Q

What patient population is BSS contraindicated with

A

Pts with AIDs

42
Q

What drug interactions exist with BSS

A

-Radiopaque/Radiographic studies
-Aspirin
-Warfarin (toxicity)
-Valproic acid
-Methotrexate

43
Q

What are the self-care treatment recommendations for children <5 years old

A

-ORS therapy
-Antidiarrheal agents are NOT recommended

44
Q

What are the self-care treatment recommendations for geriatric patients (>65 years)

A

-Self-treatment w/ antidiarrheal medications is STRONGLY cautioned against
- Patients should be referred if diarrhea is severe

45
Q

What are the self-care treatment recommendations for pregnancy

A

-Self-treatment w/ non prescription antidiarrheals is INAPPROPRIATE
-Referral

46
Q

What is the function of Probiotics

A

-Release antimicrobial
substances in the intestines
-Produce acids (ex. lactic acid)
and short-chain fatty acids that
lower intestinal pH and
suppress growth of pathogenic
bacteria
-Enhance mucosal barrier
integrity and immune
responses

47
Q

What population can benefit from the use of probiotics

A

immunocompetent adults and children

48
Q

When are probiotics used/effective

A

preventing/treating mild acute, uncomplicated diarrhea, in previously healthy infants and children

49
Q

Are probiotics ideal for management of moderate to severe diarrhea

A

No, not enough evidence to support this

50
Q

How do major adverse effects of probiotics present in older patients

A

-Systemic Infections
(critically ill, immunocompromised patients, patients with bowel diseases)

Self Care (7 decks)

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