Diarrhea in Children Flashcards
(17 cards)
Definition of acute and chronic diarrhea
Acute: < 2 weeks
Chronic: > or = 2 weeks
Definition of diarrhea (in children)
WHO: greater than or equal to 3 WATERY stools per day
[Some or severe dehydration]
Sleepy and lethargic
Severe
[Some or severe dehydration]
Restless or irritable
Some dehydration
Sunken eyes in a patient with diarrhea is a sign of?
Dehydration
Drinking poorly or not at all - sign of?
Severe dehydration
Persistent bloody diarrhea, what to consider?
Shigella ➡️ Shigella (2nd line treatment) ➡️ Amoeba
[PLAN A]
Treatment for diarrhea without signs of dehydration
HOME TREATMENT
☑️Give extra fluid
☑️Continue feeding
☑️Advise mother when to return
[PLAN A]
Amount of fluid given to child with diarrhea
< 2 years: 50-100mL
2-10 years: 100-200mL
Older children and adults: ad libitum
[PLAN B]
Treatment for diarrhea with some dehydration
Determine ORS to give during first 4hrs
Show mother how to give ORS
Reassess after 4hrs
[PLAN B]
Amount of ORS
ORS = child’s weight (kg) x 75
[PLAN C]
Treatment for severe dehydration
Treat patient with IV fluid hydration
Can choose to use NGT
Composition of reduced-osmolarity WHO ORS
Glucose 75mmol/L Sodium 75mEq/L Potassium 20mEq/L Chloride 65mEq/L Citrate 10mmol/L
Osmolarity 245mOsm/L
Zinc supplementation
Hastens the regeneration of enterocytes
10-20mg/day for 10-14 days
First line treatment for shigellosis in children
Ciprofloxacin
NOT RELIABLE signs in assessing malnourished children
Skin turgor
Sunken eyes
Mental state
RELIABLE SIGNS in assessing malnourished children
Thirst Cool and moist extremities Weak or absent radial pulse Reduced or absent urine flow Lethargy
CRT > 3s
