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GI 2 Final AH > Diarrhea DSA and Small Bowel CIS - McGowan > Flashcards

Diarrhea DSA and Small Bowel CIS - McGowan Flashcards

1
Q

Produce imported from endemic areas and travel to those areas that causes water diarrhea may contain what?

Diarrhea lasts how long in healthy?
Immunosuppressed?

A

Cyclospora cayetanesis

21 days
Indefinitely

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3
Q

What are alcoholic gels ineffective against?

A

Norovirus

C diff

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4
Q

E. histolytica is most common cause of what?

Can cause what?

Diagnose?

A

Dysentery in the world

Toxic megacolon or penumatosis coli

Stool Ag (PCR for DNA)

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5
Q

What tapeworm is obtained from sheep, dogs and form cysts in liver or lungs?

Looks like what on CT?

A

Echinococcus granulosus

hydatid sand

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9
Q

What does MEN2B produce?

A

Mucosal neuromas
Marfanoid body
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
Pheochromacytomas

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10
Q

People w/HTLV-1 are more susceptible to getting what?

What kind of organism is it?

What is seen in stool?

A

S. Stercoralis

Roundworm

Rhabditiform larvae and eosinophils

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11
Q

What is the gold standard to detect polyps?

A

Colonoscopy

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12
Q

What gives you tea-colored urine, acolic stools, and RUQ pain?

A

Cholecystitis

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13
Q

What causes persistent diarrhea in children?

Infantile watery or blood diarrhea?

A

EAEC

EPEC

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14
Q

What does MEN2A cause?

A

Parathyroid hyperplasia
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
Pheochromacytoma

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16
Q

Turcot’s syndrome features?

Inheritance?

A

Polyps
Brain tumors
CRC before age 40 (100%)

AD

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17
Q

What confirms lactase deficiency?

A

Hydrogen breath test

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19
Q

What bacteria causes a rapid onset watery diarrhea w/N/V usually within 6 hours?

A

S. Aureus

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21
Q

Diarrhea definition in adult and child?

A

Adult > 200 g/day

Child > 20 g/kg/day

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22
Q

What test detects human globin?

A

FIT

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23
Q

How to tx diverticulitis?

A

Antibiotics w/NPO diet

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27
Q

What bacteria causes bullous skin lesions, found in warm, shallow, coastal salt water, especially in cirrhosis patients?

A

V. Vulnificus

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28
Q

What gene defects in familial juvenile polyposis?

Inheritance pattern?

At risk for what?

A

MADH4 and BMPR1a

AD

adenocarcinoma

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29
Q

What is Cowden disease?

A

PTEN multiple hamartoma syndrome

Polyps and lipomas throughout GI tract

Trichilemmomomas (benign)

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30
Q

What travelers diarrhea occurs in Russian visitors, campers, backpackers, and swimmers in wilderness areas?

Visitors to Nepal?

A

Giardia

Cyclospora

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33
Q

If a pt is IgA deficient and has Celiac’s, how can you diagnose them?

A

anti-DGP

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34
Q

What is the main sx of shigella?

What is found in stool culture?

May cause what post-infectious complications?

A

Bloody diarrhea (dysentery)

Fecal leukocytes

Reactive arthritis and HUS

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35
Q

What causes esophageal varices due to ingestion of contaminated freshwater snails and causes bloody stool, bladder cancer, liver cysts?

A

Schistosoma mansoni

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36
Q

Cowden disease has increased rate of malignancy to where?

A

Thyroid
Breast
urogenital tract

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38
Q

Increased chance of what in short bowel syndrome?

A

Oxalate kidney stones (tx: Ca)
Cholesterol gallstones
Bile salt and B12 malabsorption

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39
Q

What is the bethesda criteria used for?

A

ID 70% mutation(+) of Lynch Syndrome

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40
Q

What requires total parenteral nutrition in short bowel syndrome?

A

No colon and less than 100-200cm of prox jejunum

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41
Q

What causes watery diarrhea in large volumes and seen in outbreaks at swimming pools?

A

Cytptosporidium

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42
Q

What is g(-), non-spore former, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, motile w/flagellum?

A

Aeromonas hydrophila

44
Q

Malabsorption of autoimmune conditions can cause what?

what imaging used?

A

Osteoporosis

DEXA scan

45
Q

What causes relative bradycardia with enteric fever and rose spots?

Positive for what antigens?

A

S. Typhi

O and H

46
Q

What gene defect causes pituitary adenoma, parathyroid hyperplasia and pancreatic tumors?

A

MEN1

49
Q

What breast test confirms bacterial overgrowth?

A

Glucose
Lactulose
14C-xylose

50
Q

What test needs predietary restrictions and is guaiac-based?

A

FOBT

51
Q

What histology shows chronic inflammation w/lymphocytes and plasma cells?

A

Lymphocytic microscopic colitis

53
Q

How to diagnose Listeria?

A

Blood culture

55
Q

What is usually asymptomatic but can be dx on colonoscopy and have complications of GI bleed?

A

Diverticulosis

56
Q

What worm enters bare feet through the soil?

A

Strogyloides stercoralis

58
Q

What is a PAS (+) w/marcophages and bacillus, g (+)?

A

T. Whipple I

59
Q

What is the 2nd most common cause of gastroenteritis in children and produces watery diarrhea and high fever?

A

Adenovirus

60
Q

Gardner’s syndrome involves what?

Inheritance?

A

Adenomatous colon polyps
Osteomas of mandible, skill, and long bones
Extra teeth, thyroid and adrenal tumors

AD

61
Q

What gi problem can happen in CFTR pts?

A

Rectal prolapse

62
Q

What diet should IBS pts be on?

A

Low FODMAPS

64
Q

What bacteria is seen when infected with eggs, poultry, reptiles (turtles), and sickle cell pts increased risk?

A

S. typhimurium

66
Q

What bacteria / virus commonly occurs in seafood (esp. if raw)?

A 
Vibrio species
Salmonella
Norwalk
Acute HepA
Campylobacter
68
Q

Lynch syndrome inheritance and gene mutation?

Increased risk of what?

Screening?

A

AD, MLH1 and MSH2

CRC, endometrial cancer

Colonoscopy every 1-2 yrs, at age 25

69
Q

Toxin assay for C diff reveals what?

A

TcdA –> enterotoxin
TcdB –> cytotoxic

AE - vowels
BC - consonants

71
Q

What are the types of mucosal serrated polyps?

A

Hyperplastic
Sessile serrated
Traditional serrated adenoma

73
Q

Multiple myeloma leads to what in the bowel?

What lab value?

A

Constipation and fecal impaction

Hypercalcemia

74
Q

What is a spiral shaped, oxidase (+), motile w/flagellum g(-) curved rod?

A

Campylobacter jejuni

75
Q

What is the ROME III Criteria for IBS Dx?

A

Abdom pain for at least 3 months, sx onset > 6 months before dx and 2 of 3:

Relieved w/pooping
Change in freq of stools
Change in appearance of stools

76
Q

Peutz-Jeffers has a defect in what gene?

A

Ser Threonine kinase II

78
Q

What are the types of mucosal adenomatous polyps?

A

Tubular
Tubulovillous
Villous

79
Q

What causes cysticercosis and seizures/eye disease?

Get from where?

A

T. Solium

Pig tapeworm

82
Q

What histology shows chronic inflammation w/thickened bands of subepithelial collagen?

A

Collagenous microscopic colitis

87
Q

Give pertinent characteristics of Peutz-Jeghers?

A

Hamartomatous polyps
AD inheritance
Pigmented macules on lips, buccal mucosa or skin
Can cause breast, pancreatic and gonadal cancer

88
Q

What is a pear shaped, 4 flagella, 2 nuclei protozoan?

How to detect?

Acquired how?

A

G. Lamblia

Stool Ag

Water (lakes/streams) while hiking or camping

89
Q

What medication causes microscopic colitis?

Occurs in whom?

What sx?

A

5 pounds 5LBB
5-ASA, loperamide, budesonide, bile salts

Women 50-60

Chronic or intermittent watery diarrhea

94
Q

C. Diff causes what complication?

A

Megacolon in cecum (> 10cm) and other parts of colon > 7cm

95
Q

What bacteria is more common in iron-overload syndromes, DM, preexisting GI disorder?

Can cause what complications?

A

Y. Enterocolitica

Rash, reactive arthritis, hemochromatosis

101
Q

What causes blood diarrhea (colonic) with fecal leukocyte (+) due to consumption of seafood?

A

V. Parahemolyticus

102
Q

B. Cereus has what kind of infectious pathogenesis?

What kind of diarrhea?

A

Preformed enterotoxins

Watery

104
Q

What is stained modified acid-fast that causes water diarrhea, eosinophilia present, and commonly occurs in (sub)tropical areas of the world?

A

Cystoisospora belli

111
Q

What tapeworm is found in undercooked fish?

A

D. Latum

113
Q

What hook worm that gets long can cause BO?

A

A. Lumbricoides

115
Q

What has a wagon-wheel appearance on EM?

Causes acute diarrhea in whom?

A

Rotavirus

Children under 2

117
Q

What bacteria causes watery diarrhea, crampy abdominal pain and has an onset of 8-16 hours after ingestion of beef, ham, legumes, gravy?

A

Clostridium perfingens

118
Q

C. Diff causes what diarrhea?

How to diagnose?

What Abs cause it?

How to treat?

A

Watery

PCR for toxin A and B

Clindamycin, cephalosporins/, fluoroquinolones

Metronidazole, oral Vanco, Fidaxomicin

120
Q

What bacteria is curve/comma shaped, anaerobic g(-) with flagellum?

What common reservoir?

A

V. Cholera

Raw oysters (seafood)

126
Q

What bacteria is found in fresh water and is usually due to eating fish/shellfish or scuba divers that swallow small amounts of fresh water and then have gastroenteritis?

Causes what type of stools?

A

Aeromans hydrophila

Bloody mucoid

130
Q

How to treat S. Typhi?

A

Fluoroquinolones, ceftriaxone, azithromycin

137
Q

What is a g(-), non-lactose fermenting, motile, rod-shaped bacteria?

A

Salmonella

GI 2 Final AH (7 decks)

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