Diarrhea causes Flashcards
etiologies of Gastroenteritis
rotavirus, caliciviruses (noroviruses) astroviruses, adenoviruses, staph aure, clostridium, cholera, e choli, cryptosporidium, cyclospora,
Rotavirus CF
peaks in cooler mnths, profuse D, V, low-grade fever
Norovirus CF
similar to rotavirus, with V and watery D
types of bacterial gastroenteritis
non-typhoidal salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, E. Coli
Vibrio (hx)
developliing nations, eating undercooked shellfish
GE symptoms - (bacterial)
fever, abdominal cramping, maliase, tenesmus
(vomiting less common)
+/- blood in stool
what type of bacteria can present with neurological manifestations and GI ussies?
shigella
What two bacteria can cause HUS?
e coli and shigella
what is HUS?
hemolytic-uremic syndrome: its a triad
1) hemolytic anemia
2) acute kidney failure
3) low platelet count (thrombocytopenia)
what can invade the blood streem and cause extraintestinal dz? (meningitis, osteomyelitis)
Salmonella
** big problem in kids w/ sickle cell anemia
Yersinia
can cause erythema nodosoum, w/ RUQ pain that mimics appendicitis
rice-water stools
cholera
what can C-diff cause?
ab-associated D, and psuedomembranouse colitis
Giardiasis
most common intestinal parasitic dz in US- water-related out breaks
“beaver fever”
giardia lamblia
how is giardiasis transmitted?
P2P, contaminated food/water
giardia CF
o Frequent, foul-smelling, watery stools (rarely have blood or mucus), abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and flatulencex
how do you dx giardia?
giardia antigen, stool o&P
tx giardias
self-limiting 5-7 days,
tinidazole, nitazoxanide, metronidazole
tinidazole, nitazoxanide, metronidazole ADR
serious: sz, periperhal neruopathy, thrombocytopenia, angioedema, SJS, erythma multiform, bronchospasm
common: metallic tast, GI, GU discomfort
giardisis pearl
can cause vulvovaginities in prepubescent girls
rotavirus age of illness
< 5 yo
two things that can be transfered by fomites
rotavirus, norovirus
sx of rotavirus
explosive, watery D for 5-10 days, V, Fever,
how long does rotavirus last?
2-8 dyas
how to dx rotavirus
stool EIA
norovirus
affects all ages
norovirus cf
water d, V, fever not as common
norovirus duration
1-5 d
norovirus dx
clinical
astrovirus
less thatn 2 yo, watery d,
1-5 days
clinical dx
adenovirus
less than 2, watery D, 3-10 days
dx w/ Stool EIA
when to treat gastroenteritis
shigell and ecoli infx in childerne < 3mo
bactrim or erythromycin
childern w. campylobacter infxn?
most recover w/ out tx, but abx hasten recover and reduce lenght of carrier status (erythromycine or azithromycin
C. diff or giardiasis
tx w/ metronidazole
what infecions cause purulent D?
salmonella, enterohemorrhagic e. coli, shigella, campylobacter
salmonella cf and tx
N, some V, fever, (septicemia common)
tx w/ hydration
Enterohemorrhage ecoli
undercooked ground beef, purulent, bloody, crampy D,
shigella
tx: fecal-oral
no V, purulent bloody D, fever
campylobacter
undercooked poultry, some N/V, purulent, bloddy, crampy D, fever
metronidazole ARD
GI, metallic tast, dark, red-brown urin, candidiasis
Diarrhea causes
infections, toxic (s. aureus, C. perfringes), dietary, GI dz
secretory D
large volume w/o infammation- may indicated pancreatic insufficiency, ingestio of performed bacterial toxins, or laxative use
inflammatory D
bloddy D w. fever infection or IBD
what can cause psuedomembranous colitis
c diff
when to evaluate someone w/ constipation
pts older than 50 w/ new onset consipation- look for colon cancer
what can causes of diarrhea can be treated with medis?
enterotoxic E. coli; giardia lamblia; cyclospora;
how is E. coli tx?
hydrations, bismuth, loperamide
how is giardia lamblia tx?
metronidazole
how is cylospora tx
bactrim
what does secretory d (large volume wi/o inflammation) indicate?
pancreatic insufficiency, ingestion of preforemd bacterial toxins, or laxative use
what infections can cause bloody D?
entehemorrhagic E. Coli; shigella, compylobacter
