diapragm kidneys and post abdominal wall

Question 1

innervation of the diaphragm

Answer 1

phrenic nn supply motor to R and L hemidiaphragms and 30% of sensory to the central portaion of the diaphragm
intercostal nn supply lateral borders and some sensory laterally

Question 2

what happens if C3-5 get damaged

Answer 2

hemidiaphragm on that side can’t descend (contract) and remains high in the thorax

Question 3

where are kidneys located

Answer 3

vertebral levels T12-L3
sup pole of L kidney = T11
sup pole of R kidney = T12

Question 4

what are abnormal kidney attachments

Answer 4

ectopic pelvic = remains ant to sacrum
horseshoe = below IMA
transplanted = in lower abdomen

Question 5

kidney is encapuslated by….

Answer 5

perirenal fat and renal fascia

Question 6

path of urine

Answer 6

pyramids (where it's produced)
renal papillae 
minor calyces
major calyces
renal pelvis
ureter

Question 7

how does vascularization of the kidneys work

Answer 7

R renal a is longer thatn L and passes post to IVC renal aa divide into 5 segments when they reach hilum
L rean v is longer than R and passes ant to aorta

Question 8

path of ureters

Answer 8

cross psoas maj mm running post to gonadal vessels and ant to ext. iliac a

Question 9

common ureter abnormalities

Answer 9

bifid renal pelvis/ureter

retrocaval (behind IVC- causes slow drainage and high potential for kidney stones

Question 10

ureter vascularization

Answer 10

renal a
gonadal a
abdominal aorta

Question 11

location and shape of adreanal glands

Answer 11

R is triangular and sup to right kidney and post to IVC,

L is semilunar and superomedil to L kidney hear hilum

Question 12

parts of adrenal glands and their fcns

Answer 12

fibrous capsule (surrounds)
cortex - produces steroids
medulla (center) acts as symp ganglion

Question 13

sources of suprarenal aa

Answer 13

sup suprarenal aa (6-8) are from inf phrenic a
middle suprarenal aa (1+) are from aorta
inf suprarenal aa (1+) are from renal a

Question 14

mm of post abd wall

Answer 14

transversus abdominus, quadratus lumborum, psoas maj and minor, diaphragm

Question 15

how is the post abd wall vascularized

Answer 15

4 paired brs off abd aorta (the lumbar aa) that branch off before bifurcation

Question 16

subcostal n rami, location and supp

Answer 16

T12, 1 cm above 12th rib

supp sensory to ant/lat abd wall and motor to EO IO TA pyramidalis, RA QL

Question 17

iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nn rami, path and supp

Answer 17

L1
desc ant to QL 
IH runs sup to II and supp supraficial skin of suprabubic region 
II runs thru inguinal canal and supp it 
both supp abd mm

Question 18

genitofemoral n rami, path and supp

Answer 18

L1-L2
pierces psoads maj and desc along it then splits into femoral br medially and ginital br laterally
supp skin inf/ med to inguinal lig and cremaster m of spermatic cord

Question 19

lateral femoral cutaneous n rami, path and supp

Answer 19

L2 and 3
desc ant to iliacus m and pases deep to inguinal ring
supp ant/lat skin of thigh

Question 20

femoral n rami path supp

Answer 20

L2-4 runs btwn iliacus and psoas maj deep to inguinal lig and inf to ASIS
supp sensory and motor to ant thigh

Question 21

obturator n rami path and supp

Answer 21

L2-4 runs medial to psoas maj passing thru obturator for

supp sensory and motor to medial thigh

Question 22

lumbosacral trunk rami path and supp

Answer 22

L4-5, lg n trunk crosses over ala of sacrum and descends into pelvis to help form sacral plexus
provides general contributions to both plexuses

Question 23

where do IVC, aorta and esophagus go thru diaphragm?

Answer 23

I 8 10 E A 12

I ate 10 eggs at noon

Question 24

where are the arcuate ligaments of the diaphragm and what do they represent?

Answer 24

median over aorta
medial over psoas maj/minor
lateral over quadratus lumborum
represent the inf extent of the diaphragm

Question 25

how is diaphragm vascularized?

Answer 25

pericardiacophrenic and superior phrenic (from int thoracic a and thoracic aorta) aa supply sup surface
inferior phrenic aa (from abd aorta) supply inf surface
musculophrenic aa supply periphery of diaphragm (from int thoracic)
veins drain into IVC