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Anatomy Test 2 > ant. ab wall > Flashcards

ant. ab wall Flashcards

1
Q

boundaries of abdominal wall

A

diaphragm sup to pelvic diaphragm inf.

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2
Q

what marks pelvic brim

A

sup portion of iliac crest / Ant. Sup. Ilian Spine (ASIS)

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3
Q

what does pelvic brim seperate

A

abdominal and pelvic cavities

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4
Q

what’s another name for pelvic cavity proper?

A

lesser pelvis (as opposed to greater pelvis which is located superior to it)

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5
Q

vertical demarcation lines for 9 region stomach organization

A

mid clavicular lines

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6
Q

9 regions of the stomach

A 
Right Hypochondriac - superior Right
epigastric - superior center
left hypochondriac - superior left
right lateral - central right
umbelical - mid-central
left lateral - central left
right inguinal - inferior right
pubic - inferior middle
left inguinal - inferior left
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7
Q

2 ways to regionally organize the abdomen

A

quadrants or in 9 clinical sections

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8
Q

layers of anterolateral wall from superficial to deep

A 
skin
camper's fascia (superficial fatty layer)
Scarpa's fascia (deep membranous fascia)
deep investing fascia (epimysium)
external oblique
epimysium
internal oblique
epimysium
transversus abdominis
endo-abdominal fascia
extra parietal fat
parietal peritoneum
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9
Q

the peritoneum is continuous around the abdomen; however, when it’s lining the cavity it’s called _____ peritoneum but when it’s lining organs it’s called _______ peritoneum

A

parietal peritoneum

visceral peritoneum

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10
Q

what are the two components to external oblique and where does it attach?

A

muscular (lateral) and aponeurotic (medial)

attaches to the linea alba medially, seratus ant. sup and inguinal ligament inf.

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11
Q

the linea alba runs…

A

medially down the abdomen from the xyphoid process to the pubic tubercles

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12
Q

two vertical muscles of the abdomen

A

rectus abdominus and pyramidalis

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13
Q

what the rectus abdominus is broken up by…

A

tendinous intersections

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14
Q

fcn of abdominal mm?

A

compress/support the abdominal viscera, trunkal flexion, & rotation
vertical muscles also stabilize and tilt pelvis

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15
Q

insertion and special fcn of pyramidalis?

A

inserts on linea alba, tenses linea alba

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16
Q

fcn of rectus sheath

A

envelops rectus abdominus and pyramidalis mm.

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17
Q

what and where is the arcuate line?

A

where the structure of the rectus sheath changes, it’s midways between the umbilicus and pubic pymphysis

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18
Q

superior to the arcuate line how is the rectus abdominus structured?

A

ant. rectus abdominus is composed of external oblique aponeurosis and half of internal oblique apo.
post. rectus abdominus is composed of half of internal oblique apo., transversus abdominus apo. and transversalius fascia with the extra peritoneal fat and perietal peritoneum

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19
Q

inferior to the arcuate line how is the rectus abdominus structured?

A

ant. rectus abdominus is composed of external oblique aponeurosis, internal oblique apo. and transversus abdominus apo.
post. rectus abdominus is composed transversalius fascia with the extra peritoneal fat and perietal peritoneum

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20
Q

median umbilical fold extends from where and covers what?

A

bladder inferiorly to umbilicus and covers median umbilical ligament

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21
Q

what is the median umbilical ligament

A

the obliterated euracus (from embryo)

22
Q

medial umbilical folds run where and covering what?

A

run above medial umbilical ligaments (occluded parts of umbilical aa) just lateral to median umbilical ligament

23
Q

fcn of lateral umbilical fold

A

covers inferior epigastric vessels

24
Q

circumflex iliac a. is a br. of… and supplies…

A

femoral a.
supplies region of inguinal ligament
(circumflex v. drains same region into femoral v.)

25
Q

epigastric a. is a br. of… and supplies…

A

femoral a.
supplies abdomen inf. to umbilicus
(epigastric v. drains same region into femoral v.)

26
Q

superficial vessels of the abdomen are the … and run within the…

A

circumflex and epigastric

superficial fat and fascia

27
Q

deep circumflex iliac vessels are branches off ____, run between______ and supply _______

A

external iliac
Internal oblique and transversus abdominus
sup: inferolateral abdominal mm.

28
Q

inferior epigastric vessels run are branches off ____, runs w/in ______ and supplies _____

A

external iliac
lateral abdominal fold
rectus abdominus mm

29
Q

where does inferior epigastric enter posterior rectus sheath?

A

arcuate line

30
Q

inferior epigastric vessels anastomose with…

A

superior epigastric vessels

31
Q

sup epigastric vessels are a br off the _____ enter _______ lat to sternum supplies _______ and anastomoses with________

A

br. off internal thoracic
enters posterior rectus sheath lat to sternum
supp: upper rectus abdominus mm
anastomoses with inferior epigastric

32
Q

origination/drainage, fcn, and path of musculophrenic vessels

A

or: internal thoracic vessels
path: descends along costal cartilages
fcn: supplies upper abdominal mm and diaphragm

33
Q

area below the 12th rib is called…

A

subcostal space

34
Q

injury to what 3 nn weakens mm in inguinal region? what’s clinical prob with this?

A

T11, T12 and L1, prob b/c increases risk for direct inguinal hernia

35
Q

what are nn of abdominal wall?

A

lateral and medial branches of ventral rami of T7-L1 spinal nn

36
Q

distribution of nn of abdominal wall

A

T7-T9 above umbilicus
T10 = level of umbilicus
T11-L1 = below umbilicus
All run between Internal oblique and transversus abdominus mm.

37
Q

describe location of inguinal region

A

inferior lat. abdominal region superior to thigh, medial to ilium, lateral to pubic bone between ant. sup. iliac spine (ASIS) and pubic tubercle

38
Q

structures of inguinal region

A

inguinal ligament, canal, superficial and deep rings of the inguinal canal and walls of the canal

39
Q

what is the inguinal ligament composed of and where is it connected

A

folded inferior border of the external oblique aponeurosis and extends from ant. sup. iliac spine to pubic tubercle

40
Q

where is inguinal canal

A

against ant abdominal wall running obliquely and parallel and sup. to inguinal ligament

41
Q

contents of inguinal canal

A

ilioinguinal n. (L1)

spermatic cord or round ligament of the uterus

42
Q

where are the openings of inguinal canal?

A

superficial ring: opening in external oblique aponeurosis lateral to pubic tubercle
deep ring: subtle opening in transversalis fascia just lat to inf epigastric vessels

43
Q

components of inguinal canal walls

A

ant: external oblique aponeurosis
post wall: transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon
roof: internal oblique and transversalis abdominus
floor: inguinal ligament

44
Q

conjoint tendon is the fusion of

A

internal oblique and transversus abdominus aponeuroses.

45
Q

what’s an abdominal hernia?

A

outpouching of abdominal viscera w/in a sac

46
Q

what’re the 3 layers of a hernial sac?

A

perioneum extraperitoneal fat and transversalis fascia

47
Q

route of indirect inguinal hernia

A

extends thru entire inguinal canal, lateral to inferior epigastric vessels to enter scrotum or labia majora

48
Q

differences in inguinal hernias for men vs. women

A

called canal of nuck in women
most common type overall but esp common in men
usually from persistent processus vaginalis connecting peritoneum w/ descended testes in men

49
Q

what are the borders of hesselbach’s triangle?

A 
sup/lat = inf epigastric a. 
med = rectus abdominus m 
inf/lat = inguinal canal
50
Q

path of direct inguinal hernia

A

thru inguinal triangle thru conjoint tendon or @ superficial ring medial to inferior epigastric vessels does not enter scrotum/labia majora

51
Q

direct inguinal hernias are typically associated with…

A

weakened abdominal wall

52
Q

types of abdominal hernias and what they pass through and who typically gets them

A

femoral = thru femoral ring, more common in women (b/c have wider femoral ring)
umbilical hernia = thru umbilical ring, common in newborns and pregnant/obese women
epigastric hernia = thru linea alba common in older obese people

Anatomy Test 2 (6 decks)

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