Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kidneys and Hormones > Dialysis - the practicalities > Flashcards

Dialysis - the practicalities Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two forms of dialysis performed?

A

Haemodialysis

Peritoneal dialysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is haemodialysis?

A

Countercurrent flow in dialysis machine

Blood moves from the patient to the dialysate

Small molecules move via convection/ diffusion out of the blood into the dialysing fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is peritoneal dialysis?

A

Uses the peritoneal membrane as a semipermeable membrane across which diffusion occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the advantage of peritoneal dialysis as opposed to haemodialysis?

A

Can be done at home - patient retains independence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is renal replacement therapy?

A

Umbrella term that includes different treatment options for kidney disease patients

Kidney transplant
Hemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many times a week does haemodialysis take place?

A

4 hours 3 times a week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What conditions do patients undertake when performing haemodialysis?

A

Restriction to fluid intake

Medication

Dietary restriction to sodium, potassium and phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What infrastructures need to be set in place for dialysis patients to receive treatment?

A

Need somewhere to dialyse - hospital unit, satellite or a home

Transport - take patient between unit and home

Medical and nursing unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What types of vascular access exist for dialysis to be performed on patients?

A

Temporary

Tunnelled haemodialysis lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does temporary vascular access entail?

A

Dialysis lines are inserted into the large veins of the neck and groin

Immediate access to patients’ circulation in emergecy situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do tunnelled haemodialysis lines entail?

A

Line is tunnelled under the skin and emerges in chest wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the advantages of tunneled haemodialysis lines?

A

Last longer - months to years

Infection rates are lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are complications of vascular access?

A

Infections - commonest

Dialysis line can become infected and spread to the bloodstream

Venous stenosis and thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What complications arise from fistulas?

A

Can be unsightly

Can infect

Form high cardiac output or vascular steal if overdeveloped, thrombosed or stenosed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a fistula?

A

Form from operations to join artery and vein

Anastomoses forms between artery and vein

Blood from the artery goes straight into the vein

Vein increases in size/ becomes arterialised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the point of Fistula formation?

A

Makes it possible to put needles into enlarged veins

Blood can be taken out of the body

Sent through to the dialysis machine

Blood is returned through dialysis machine

17
Q

Complications of haemodialysis

A

Acute - hyperkalaemia

Fluid overload - peripheral oedema and fluid accumulation in the lungs

Tertiary hyperthyroidism - many years to develop

18
Q

What causes the quality of life to diminish in haemodialysis patients?

A

Fluid and diet restrictions

Medications

Delays in transportation to and from the hospital

Dialysis - takes 4 hours a week

19
Q

What is home haemodialysis?

A

Compact, small and easy to use dialysis units

Used in group of carefully selected patients

Gives greater autonomy for motivated patients

20
Q

What is peritoneal dialysis?

A

Uses the peritoneum in the abdomen as a membrane across which fluids and dissolved substances are exchanged from the blood

21
Q

How does peritoneal dialysis work?

A

Fluid is introduced through a permanent tube in the abdomen and flushed out

22
Q

What are the two types of peritoneal dialysis that exist?

A

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Automated peritoneal dialysis

23
Q

What are the characteristics of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis?

A
  1. Tunneled catheter into the abdomen
  2. Dialysate fluids are drained into the abdomen via the peritoneal catheter by gravity
  3. Fluid is retained in the peritoneal cavity for around 4 hours = dwell time
  4. At the end - dialysate fluid is drained out via catheter and takes wastes from the body with it
24
Q

How many exchanges of dialysis fluid a day in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis?

A

4 exchanges a day

25
Q

What are the advantages of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis?

A

Can be done at home - patient remains independent

26
Q

What are the advantages of automated peritoneal dialysis?

A

Portable

Makes patients free and independent during the day

The peritoneal waste removal happens during the night

Day time = dwell time

27
Q

Complications of peritoneal dialysis

A

Infections - most common

Mechanical - catheter malposition, hernias or leaks

Constipation

Air under diaphragm

Peritoneal membrane failure

28
Q

What is the infection of the peritoneal space called?

A

Peritonitis

Kidneys and Hormones (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions