CKD epidimeology in the west Flashcards

1
Q

What is the meaning behind the prevalence of a disease?

A

Balance of the number of people with the disease and the factors affecting the incidence of the disease

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2
Q

What are the factors affecting the incidence of CKD?

A

Increasing with sendentary, aging population

Diabetes and hypertension

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3
Q

What are the fators affecting the number of people with CKD?

A

There is increased survival of CKD

Lower risk of death from contributing diseases

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4
Q

Why is there increased recognition of CKD?

A

CKD is a term only widely used in the UK for the last 10 years

Multiple campaigns have raised awareness

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5
Q

Increased recognition of CKD has increased its prevalence

TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

Since more are aware of the disease, it has been diagnosed more often

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6
Q

What value does diagnosis of CKD depend on?

A

GFR

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7
Q

What are the three types of CKD?

A

CKD 1

CKD 2

CKD 3

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8
Q

Who are the major contributors to CKD 3?

A

Elderly

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9
Q

Characteristics of CKD 1 and 2

A

Not based on eGFR

Similar prevalence between age groups

Based on abnormality of the kidneys

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10
Q

What are contributing factors to CKD?

A

Age

Ethnicity - higher prevalence in black and asian population

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11
Q

What does the concept of competing risks of death refer to?

A

Age, CKD and risk of death are related

Young person with CKD = risk of death from renal replacemnt therapy > risk from other causes

Old person with CKD = risk of death from renal replacement therapy < risk of death from other sources

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12
Q

What is more cost-effective, treating the complications of CKD or treating end-stage renal failure?

A

Treating the complications of CKD

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13
Q

What are the complications of CKD?

A

Anaemia

Bone disease

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14
Q

What are the costs of the complications of CKD?

A

Outpatient care

Medication - anaemia, blood pressure, bone disorder

Acute kidney injury

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15
Q

How can we prevent AKI?

A

Easily preventable

Timely withdrawal of medication

Adequate hydration

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16
Q

What is the treatment for AKI?

A

Emergency renal replacement therapy