Diagrams

Question 1

Tuning Fork Diagram

Answer 1

-> Ordinary Spirals (Sa, Sb, Sc)
Ellipticals (E0 -> E7)
-> Barred Spirals (SBa, SBb, SBc)

Question 2

Solutions of the Friedmann equation

Diagram

Answer 2

• Scale factor as a function of time
• k=+1 is a half circle
• k=0 extends above it
• k=-1 is steeper than k=0

Question 3

Thermal Stability for Interstellar Gas

Diagram

numerically, what are the stable regions?

Answer 3

• L (cooling - heating) as a function of temperature
• up-down-up
• stable for up regions (10-1’000 K & 5’000-30’000 K)

Question 4

Schematic viem of the Milky Way

Diagram

Answer 4

• center to us is 8 kpc
• bulge diameter 4 kpc
• disk thickness 0.2 kpc

Question 5

Density-Temperature Diagram

Answer 5

• x-axis: log 𝛒 (0-14)
• y-axis: log T (3-9)
• from top left to bottom right (roughly):
  – radiation pressure
  – ideal gas
  – non-relativistic degenerate
  – relativistic degenerate

Question 6

Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) Diagram

Answer 6

• x-axis: log T (4.75 - 3.25)
• y-axis: log (L/L_⊙) (-1 - 6)
• sun is at (3.75,0)
• high mass stars at luminosity of 5
• main sequence straight line because L ∝ T⁶
• white dwarfs in bottom left
• red giants in top right

Question 7

Solar Neutrino Flux

Diagram

Answer 7

• y-axis: Flux (10 - 10¹¹)
• x-axis: Neutrino Energy MeV (0.1-10)
• Gallium reaches enough to the left to detect neutrinos from pp chain
• Boron is is furthest to the right and can be detected by water

Question 8

Nuclear Binding Energy

Diagram

Answer 8

• y-axis: Energy MeV (0-8)
• x-axis: A (number of nucleons) (0-150)
• ⁵⁶Fe is at maxium

Question 9

Nuclear Potential

Diagram

Answer 9

• y-axis: Energy (-30 MeV - Z₁·Z₂ MeV)
• x-axis: r
• potential barrier has to be overcome (tunneling)

Question 10

Rotation Curve of Spiral Galaxy

Diagram

Answer 10

• linear while within galactic bulge
• then:
  – observed: constant
  – theoretical without dark matter: fall off r^-1/2

Question 11

AGN Unification Scheme

Diagram

Answer 11

hard to describe in words hahaha

i knowwwww, this card is reallyyyy helpful

Question 12

Cluster Lifetime vs Main Sequence Turn Off

Answer 12

• 𝛕 ∝ M^-2
• not quite sure how to describe the rest

Question 13

Line Formation in Stars

Diagram

Answer 13

• continuum absorption has peak at line absorption
• Intensity as a function of frequency dips to lower temperature Blackbody radiation at line absorption