Diagnostic testing and imaging Flashcards
Holter monitor
-provides continuous EKG monitoring (24-72hrs)
-ordered for detecting and assessing arrhythmias and evaluating therapy and meds
correlation of sxs with hearts electrical activity at that point
Holter tradition and new
traditional: leads must stay attached
may use with other dx testing
if electrodes fall off-replace immediately
avoid getting wet
sleep on back
new: can detach and get wet
keep cell phones away’
PT: know results and change tx plan accordingly
encourage sx reporting
Echocardiogram
-provides US image of heart
-allows visualization of abnorm cardiac anatomy
(volumes, anatomical issues, estimate SV and EF, analyze motion of valves and heart muscle)
real time images of beating heart, provides info about blood flow
Types of echocardiography
-surface or transthoracic: moved on skin over heart
-transesophageal: transducer swallowed, very clear structures and valves
-stress echo: while pt is exercising -during or after
-three-dimensional: newest, displays intracardiac anatomy
-contrast: provides assessment of stenosis, pulmonary vein flow analysis. Improved dx accuracy in assessing perfusion and vent. chambers
PET
-uses radioactively labeled glucose
-measures cardiac metabolism and blood flow of heart
-allows determination of blood flow/area of under perfusion
*detects cardiac tissue viability but not quality of movement or anatomy
nuclear stress test
-rest and post stress info on perfusion, viability and function
-inidcs presense or absence of vaible tissue of mI
cells must be perfised and metolbloc to be “hot”
MRI
-assess cardiac anatomy and malforms identify masses/thrombi
evals cardiac morphology, valv disease, cardiac shunts, etc
Barrier: pacemakers, artificial joints, other metallic devices
magnetic resonance angiography
-type of MRI-looks at blood vessels
less invasive and painful than angiography
aneurysm, aortic dissection, CAD
Coronary angiography
xray exam of blood vessels or chambers of heart that have been perfused with dye
cath inserted in vessel in upper thigh or arm
tip tube positioned either in heart or at arteries supplying and special dye injected
presence and severity of CAD, LV, atrial, pulm vein, CA dysfunctions, presence of valv HD
cardiac angiography PT
L heart cath: due to incision site- bed rest 6-8hrs with LE straight
knee immobilizer to min hip flex
monitor groin hematomas and pain
R heart cath: dx right ventricular, atrial and pulm artery impairments
incision is external jugular vein and no activity restrictions
CT
provide more detailed info than plain xrays
same as CAT scan
2D pics and computer assembles slices into detailed image
CAT angiohraphy
-imaging test looks at arteries that supply blood to heart
-dx and treat blood vessel diseases and conditions
dx: aneurysms, blocks, clots, congential abnorms, disorganized vessels, ruptures/tears
Cardiac Ca scn
when Ca present->high score -> higher risk HD
0-no plque
1-10: small amount, risk low
11-100: mild HD, mod chance MI. need tx and lifestyle change
101-400: mod plaque. HD, mod to high risk MI. Tests and tx
>400: large amount- start tx
Doppler US
-estimate bloodflow by bouncing sound waves off RBCs.
shows: DVT, blocks, checks bloodflow, locate aneurysms
MUGA scan
video of blood moving- pumping properly
shows abnorms in size of chambers and allows calc for EF
used in pts with HF
