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Cardiopulm > Diagnostic testing > Flashcards

Diagnostic testing Flashcards

1
Q

This type of imaging determines anatomic abnormalities and pathological processes within the chest

A

chest radiographs

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2
Q

This image shows what pathological process and is associated with what pathologies

A

diffuse alveolar filling pattern ( lung is filled with fluid)
associated with HF, ARDs, and COVID

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3
Q

This type of imaging is used to diagnose tumors vs. calcifications or nodules. It involves narrow beam of x-rays.

A

Computed tomography

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4
Q

True or false: computed tomography can detect pneumothorax or effusions

A

true

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5
Q

This type of imaging is the gold standard for finding embolisms. Embolisms can be read as complete obstruction, intraluminal filing defects, or decrease in flow rate. A disadvantage is it’s very time consuming.

A

Pulmonary Arteriography

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6
Q

This type of imaging is used to evaluate chest wall processes. It can be used for those with a mass or nodule on an abnormal chest radiograph.

A

Magnetic Reasonance Imaging ( MRI)

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7
Q

This type of imaging measures regional distribution of pulmonary blood flow in the lungs. also rule out pulmonary emboli

A

Ventilation and Perfusion scans

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8
Q

This type of imaging looks at pathological changes in bronchial wall and lumen

A

Bronchography

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9
Q

This type of imaging uses a scope to assess for infection and can clear viscous secretions. It can look at hard to see places in the bronchial tree

A

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy

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10
Q

This pulmonary test includes a max inhale followed by max exhale. Data obtained: FVC, FEV, FVC, and VC.

A

Spirometry

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11
Q

Total Lung Capacity formula

A

vital capacity + residual volume

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11
Q

Graphic tracing that test lung volume and capacity is called

A

spirogram

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12
Q

Pulmonary Function Testing: **gas flow rates **
gives information on actual function of lungs, degree of —– , and general —–

A

= impairment
= location

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13
Q

Pulmonary Function testing: tests of diffusion
measures —– of function of the —– —–
The 3 factors that cause abnormal values are x , y , and z

A

integrity of function of the lung unit
x = distance
y = blood flow
z = breathing ability ( ventilation)

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14
Q

Tests of diffusion look at amount of gas entering —– —— —– per unit of time
This is relative to the difference partial pressures of gas in —- and —–

A

pulmonary blood flow
alveoli and pulmonary blood

Test looks at how good lung is pulling gas from alveoli

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15
Q

This pulmonary function test gives a visual representation of what is happening in the lungs during forced inspiration and expiration

A

Flow volume loop

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16
Q

This flow volume loop is showing what ?

A

vital capacity
Volume decrease going right ( expiration)
Volume increase going left ( inspiration)

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17
Q

This graph shows what type of lung pathology.

A

obstructive lung pathology
Higher residual volume –> Air trapping

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18
Q

This graph shows type of lung pathology.

A

restrictive lung pathology
less air in

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19
Q

Pulmonary function tests: predicted results are based on age, —–, height, —-, and ——

A

gender, weight, and race

20
Q

arterial blood gases

Normal value for pH

A

7.40

20
Q

normal value for pCO2

A

40 mmHg

21
Q

normal value for pO2

A

97 mmHg

22
Q

normal value for HCO3- ( bicarbonate)

A

24 mmHg

23
Q

normal value for oxygen saturation ( %)

A

97 %

24
Q

—– directly reflects adequacy of alveolar ventilation

A

PaCO2

25
Q

hyperventilation: what is the PaCO2 value

A

PaCO2 <40 mm Hg
less than sign
( Increase depth of breathing – decrease CO2)

26
Q

hypoventilation: what is the PaCO2 value

A

PaCO2 >40 mm Hg
more than sign
(decrease depth of breathing - increase CO2)

27
Q

Vent failure: what is the PaCO2

A

PaCO2 >50 mm Hg
more than sign

28
Q

To accurately determine the severity and nature of the illness you need to look at the relationship —– and —–

A

arterial pH and arterial CO2 tension

29
Q

Acid base balance: Assessment blood pH—nature and magnitude of these 2 disorders

A

lung and metabolic disorders

30
Q

pH < 7.4 is ——

A

acidemia
“ less than acid”

31
Q

In acidemia what is low and high with HCO3 and PaCO2 ?

A

Low HCO3 = metabolic acidosis
High PaCO2 ( alveolar HYPOventilation, hypercapnia)

32
Q

pH > 7.4 is —-

A

alkalemia
“ high alkitude”

33
Q

In alkalemia what is low and high with HCO3 and PaCO2 ?

A

High HCO3 - metabolic alkolosis
Low PaCO2 - alveolar HYPERventilation, hypocapnia

34
Q

normal PaO2 is between this range

A

80 to 100 mmHg

35
Q

mildly hypoxemia has range from —- to —- mmHg

A

60 to 80 mmHg

36
Q

moderately hypoxemia has range from —- to —- mmHg

A

40 to 60 mmHg

37
Q

severely hypoxemia has range from —- to —- mmHg

A

40 mmHg

38
Q

arterial blood gases are —- dependent

A

time dependent

39
Q

venous blood gases can provide status of —- and —

A

pH and PaCO2

40
Q

a higher carbon dioxide will be a —– pH
a lower carbon dioxide will be a —– pH

A

Higher CO2 – ph lower
Lower CO2 – ph higher

41
Q

Oximetry is a measurement of

A

oxygehemoglobin saturation
results = O2 Hb%

42
Q

anemia is — hemoglobin, — RBC and — hemotocrit

A

low Hb, low RBC, and low hematocrit

43
Q

Polycythemia is —– in hemoglobin, —- RBC , and — hematocrit

A

increase in all 3

44
Q

leukoctyosis is —- WBC
leukopenia is —- WBC

A

leukocytosis - increased WBC
Leukopenia - decreased WBC

45
Q

Norm range for INR values

A

normal: .8 to 1.1

46
Q

lower INR is at risk for ?
higher INR is at risk for ?

A

lower INR = clot risk
higher INR = hemorrhage risk

Cardiopulm (5 decks)

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