Diagnostic Sampling

Question 1

What is Venipuncture?

Answer 1

The act of blood collection with needle

Question 2

What is Vaccutainer?

Answer 2

The act of pulling blood into tube using a vaccum

Question 3

What are the different coloured tops for tubes and their function?

Answer 3

Red/white=vacuum, nothing inside
Purple=anticoagulant
yellow=serum separator (helps coagulate)
Blue= sodium citrate for coagulant testing
Green=anticoagulant

Question 4

What are the spots to take blood when you just need a drop?

Answer 4

Marginal ear vein in cats

Carpal pad in dogs

Question 5

What are the four methods of Urine collection? Name one pro and one con of each.

Answer 5

Free catch (easy, bacteria), Manual (easy under anesthetic, can burst if awake), Catheterization (relieves blocked bladder, bring bacteria into bladder), Cystocentesis (less bacteria, can burst)

Question 6

What are the 3 methods of fecal collection?

Answer 6

1-pick up expelled sample
2- Remove feces from colon with fingers
3- fecal loop, extra feces with instrument.

Question 7

Name 6 Examples of fluid collection

Answer 7

Thoracocentesis (thorax)
Abdominocentesis (abdomen)
Arthrocentesis (synovial fluid from joint)
Peritoneal Lavage (inject fluid into abdomen)
Transtracheal Lavage (inject fluid into trachea)
Bone Marrow Aspirate (remove marrow from long bone)

Question 8

What is a Fine Needle Aspirate and what is it used for?

Answer 8

Process of collecting cells from a mass with a needle

Question 9

Describe process of extracting cells (Fine needle aspirate)

Answer 9

Plunge needle into mass,
Take cap off of syringe
Pull air into syringe
Cap put back on
Vet forces cells onto microscope slide

Question 10

What are the Chemical properties studied in a Urinalysis

Answer 10

pH, protein, WBC, RBC, Glucose

Question 11

Name the steps to completing a Microscopic Urinalysis

Answer 11

Put Urine in centrifuge,
Pour off supernatant,
mix little bit of supernatant left with sediment,
place a drop at one end of microscope slide,
put a drop of urine stain in rest of sample,
place other drop at other side,
place coverslip on each drop.
Label with patient name and time.

Question 12

What are the physical properties studied in a Urinalysis

Answer 12

Colour, turbidity (cloudiness), Smell, Urine specific gravity (in refractometer)

Question 13

What is the process of using a Refractometer?

Answer 13

Place a drop of liquid sample on glass portion of refractometer.
Look through eyepiece,
Wipe refractometer with photographer lens wipe,
run under water to rinse,
leave refractometer out to dry.

Question 14

Name the steps of performing a Blood Film sample

Answer 14

Collect whole blood.
Label with clients name and date,
Mix blood by rotating 5-10 times,
Take tube top off,
Collect blood in capillary tube,
drop blood on microscope slides,
Create blood smear by holding other slide at 45 degree angle, then pull back, then move forward quickly to feather sample.

Question 15

Name steps to performing at PCV (packed cell volume).

Answer 15

Mix blood sample,
Fill capillary tube 2/3 full
Plug tube with clay
Put tube in centrifuge with clay pointing out.
spin on appropriate settings,
Line sample up with packed cell volume reader.

Question 16

Name steps of performing a TPP

Answer 16

Snap capillary tube above the Buffy (white Blood cell layer)
Blow plasma sample onto glass of refractometer
Read total plasma protein
rinse refractometer, wipe and dry.

Question 17

After being in a centrifuge, what is are the parts of urine separated into?

Answer 17

Sediment (on bottom)

Supernatant (no cells, on top)

Question 18

Name steps of doing a Canine Fecal Analysis

Answer 18

Obtain sample, 
place sample in fecal analysis container,
add liquid to container
mix feces with liquid by turning
add more liquid to achieve meniscus 
place microscope cover slip on top,
label microscope slide
let slip sit for 10 minutes to allow worm eggs to float,
place coverslip on microscope slide.

Question 19

What are the steps to making a stained Blood film?

Answer 19

Take microscope slide with dried, feathered sample.
Dip in each stain:
Blue: breaks down cell walls to allow staining, 
Pink: 5 seconds
Purple: 5 seconds
rinse back of slide
rinse stain off sample 
place on paper towel to dry.

Question 20

What does MCV stand for?

Answer 20

mean corpuscular volume