Diagnostic Role Of Blood Film Flashcards

1
Q

What does Haematoxylin bind to?

A

Acidic components of cells - particularly to DNA and therefore shows up in the nucleus

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2
Q

What does Eosin stain?

A

Binds proteins components, particularly in the cytoplasm

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3
Q

What does Leishmans Stain do?

A

Makes the nucleus visible

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4
Q

What is the field Iris?

A

The light that comes from the bottom of the microscope

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5
Q

What lens is it best to start with during microscope based practicals?

A

The Lowe power objective lens (4x)

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6
Q

What is the correct order in which your should focus your image?

A
  1. Focus the image
  2. Focus the condenser
  3. Adjust the field Iris
  4. Adjust the condenser Iris
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7
Q

How should blood be smeared onto the slide when preparing a blood film?

A

Place a drop of blood onto the glass slide and smear it away from you using a second piece of glass as a spreader - this ensures the blood drop stays behind the spreader otherwise blood cells might become damaged between the two slides

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8
Q

What color does Leishmans stain turn nuclei?

A

Purple - blue

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9
Q

What color does Leishmans stain turn cytoplasmic components?

A

Pink

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10
Q

What color do white blood cells appear when being stained with Leishmans?

A

Blue

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11
Q

What blood cell has a bi-lobed nucleus, with bright pink cytoplasmic granules?

A

Eosinophil

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12
Q

What blood cell has blue stained cytoplasmic granules and a lobed nuclei?

A

Basophil

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13
Q

Which blood cells has a multi lobed nucleus with pink cytoplasmic granules?

A

Neutrophil

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14
Q

Which blood cell has an indented nucleus and pale granules in its cytoplasm?

A

Monocytes

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15
Q

What are elevated eosinophil levels indicative of?

A

Allergic reactions eg asthma or parasitic infections

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16
Q

In what two circumstances might an increased number of basophils be found?

A

Chronic myelonous leukaemia

Hypersensitivity

17
Q

What is meant by the term left shift?

A

An increase in the proportion of band cel,s or the presence of neutrophil precursors in the blood

18
Q

The presence of what in neutrophils can be an indicator of bacterial infection?

A

Clear vacuoles

19
Q

What is seen in a blood film of a patient with CML?

A

A spectrum of granulocytes cells from myeloblasts to mature neutrophils

20
Q

What is the definition of megaloblastic anaemia?

A

anaemia in which maturation of the nucleus is retarded in relation to that of the cytoplasm.

21
Q

What are the most characteristic features of megaloblastic anaemia that are seen on a blood film?

A

Hypersegmented neutrophils and macrophages

Oval macrophages

22
Q

What is the function of the microscope stage?

A

To hold a microscope slide

23
Q

How is the degree of illumination of a microscope slide best adjusted?

A

By changing the lamp voltage

24
Q

What does a lymphocyte look like on a blood film?

A

Large round nucleus and relative lack of cytoplasm

25
What is the key function of a neutrophil?
First line of defense in innate immunity and phagocytose microbes
26
What are the key functions of monocytes?
Production of cytokines and phagocytosis of microbes and apoptose cells
27
What are the key functions of lymphocytes?
Production of cytokines - T cells | Production of antibodies - B cells
28
How are basophils activated?
Cross linking of IgE on their surface to release cytokines
29
What does the release of cytokines from basophils do?
Helps with anti-helminth immune responses
30
What are the main functions of eosphils?
Defense against parasitic infections through the release of specific cytokines and also involved in inflammation as seen in asthma and allergy