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Renal System > Diagnostic Procedure > Flashcards

Diagnostic Procedure Flashcards

1
Q

-Direct visualization of the urethra and bladder
-A very thin needle will be inserted at the urethra

A

Cystoscopy

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2
Q

Why do you need to secure consent for cystoscopy

A

Because it is an invasive procedure

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3
Q

Why do you need to provide laxatives for patient who undergoes cystoscopy

A

For clearer visualization

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4
Q

Why do you need to do sendation for the patient who undergoes cystoscopy

A

-To relax the client
-to reduce anxiety

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5
Q

What is the drug of choice for sendation

A

Diazepam
Valium

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6
Q

What do you need to do if the patient use local anesthesia (cystoscopy)

A

Increase fluid intake

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7
Q

What do you need to do if the patient us general anesthesia

A

NPO 6-8 hours before the procedure

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8
Q

Health teaching for the patient (cystoscopy)

A

Inform that the desire to void is normal

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9
Q

How long is the cystoscopy procedure

A

15minutes to 1 hours

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10
Q

Why do you need to advice the patient to have a bed rest few minutes after the cystoscopy procedure (standing without assistance)

A

To prevent orthostatic hypotension and supine hypotensive syndrome

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11
Q

Why is it expected that a burning urination can be felt for 24- 48 hours or 1-2 days after the cystoscopy procedure?

A

due to irritation pf the urinary tract

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12
Q

Why do you need to monitor vital signs after cystoscopy

A

To monitor signs of bleeding (hypotension, tachycardia and tachypnea)

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13
Q

Why do you need to observe for retention or low Urine output?

A

Because low urine output indicates a sign of bleeding

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14
Q

What do you need to do when you’ve discovered that the patient has abdominal pain, chills and fever

A

Report immediately to the doctor because it is a sign of infection

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15
Q

Is pink-tinged urine normal, 24 hours after the procedure?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What are the sign of tissue irritation
(A,P,F)

A

-abdominal tenderness
-pain
-fever and chills

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17
Q

What are the signs of infection

A

Fever and chills

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18
Q

Why do you need to provide hot sitz bath after cystoscopy procedure

A

To relieve perineal discomfort

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19
Q

Why do you need to provide warm moist soaks

A

To prevent leg cramps

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20
Q

What is intravenous pyelogram

A

uses x-rays to take pictures of the organs of your urinary tract.

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21
Q

Why do you need to asses the patient allergy before intravenous pyelogram

A

To prevent allergic reaction/ hypersensitive sensitivity reaction

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22
Q

What will you asked the patient regarding his/her allergy

A

Ask if they are allergic to seafoods

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23
Q

Iodine rich foods

A

-Seaweed (such as kelp, nori, kombu, and wakame)
-seafoods (seashells,crabs,shrimp)
-Strawberries, Cranberries and Pineapple
-Beans: Green beans and navy beans

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24
Q

Contrast medium is made of_______

A

Iodine

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25
Q

Should we put the patient into NPO before intravenous pyelogram

A

Yes

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26
Q

For how many hours does a patient be put in NPO for intravenous pyelogram

A

6-8 hours

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27
Q

What are the bowel preparations for intravenous puelogram

A

Laxative and enema

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28
Q

Rationale why we should do bowel preparations

A

To evacuate feces
To have clear visualization

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29
Q

What is present in the bedside of the patient during intravenous pyelogram

A

Epinephrine

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30
Q

What would they do after injecting the contrast medium

A

Do an xray

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31
Q

What are the signs of allergic reaction (I,R,D,D)

A

Itching
Rashes
Difficult of breathing (bronchospasm)
Dyspnea

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32
Q

Difficulty of breathing way result to?

A

Bronchospasm

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33
Q

Bronchospasm may result to

A

Anaphylactic shock

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34
Q

Care after intravenous pyelogram

A

Monitor vital signs
Npo 6-8 hours
Increase fluid intake
Observe for delayed allergic reaction

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35
Q

The patient should be NPO after intravenous pyelogram or after the return of_____?

A

Peristalsis movement (passage of flatus)

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36
Q

Why do you need to increase fluid intake after intravenous pyelogram

A

Because contrast medium are nephrotoxic which can damage the kidney.

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37
Q

Contrast medium are

A

Nephrotoxic

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38
Q

How many L/mL or fluid should you give to the patient after intravenous pyelogram?

A

3L/3000mL

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39
Q

Health teaching after intravenous pyelogram

A

Burning sensation on voiding may be experience

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40
Q

Burning sensation on voiding may be experience because

A

Contrast medium are nephrotoxic

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41
Q

Sign and symptoms of Delayed allergic reaction (S,P,R,D)

A

Shortness of breath
Puritus
Rashes
Dyspnea

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42
Q

It is a painless diagnostic procedure

A

KUB

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43
Q

KUB stands for

A

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder,

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44
Q

Special note for KUN

A

Usually no special preparations done

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45
Q

Do we need to put the patient in NPO before KUB

A

Yes

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46
Q

Before KUB patient should be in NPO for how many hours?

A

6-8

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47
Q

Do we need to give laxative and enema for patient before undergoing KUB

A

Yes

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48
Q

What enema should be use in KUB

A

Cleansing enema

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49
Q

Why should we give laxative and cleansing enema for patient who are to undergo KUB

A

For clearer visualization

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50
Q

Position of patient in KUB

A

Supine position

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51
Q

a small sample of kidney tissue is removed with a needle.

A

Renal biopsy

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52
Q

Do we need a written consent before undergoing renal biopsy

A

Yes

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53
Q

When will we maintain NPO for patient who is to under go renal biopsy

A

At midnight few hours before the procedure

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54
Q

What would you meed to check before undergoing renal biopsy

A

Prothrombin time, hematocrit and hemoglobin

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55
Q

Normal prothrombin time

A

11-16s

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56
Q

Therapeutic range for prothrombin time

A

1.5 or 2 X normal

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57
Q

Position of patient before Renal biopsy

A

Prone

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58
Q

Rationale why prone position for renal biopsy

A

Because the kidney is retroperitoneal

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59
Q

Why do we need to provide pressure dressing after renal biopsy

A

To prevent bleeding

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60
Q

Severity of sedation use for renal biopsy

A

Mild sedation

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61
Q

What laboratory should you obtain 8 before renal biopsy

A

CBC

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62
Q

If the hematocrit and hemoglobin is decrease should we continue with the renal biopsy?

A

No

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63
Q

Why do you need to postpone renal biopsy if the patient has anemia or decrease hemoglobin and hematocrit

A

Because kidney are vascular organ and is prone to bleeding

64
Q

What anesthesia is use in renal biopsy

A

Local anesthesia

65
Q

Why is local anesthesia use in renal biopsy

A

To numb the area at the site of injection

66
Q

What sedation is used in renal biopsy

A

Diazepam and valium

67
Q

Should the nurse do the renal biopsy procedure

A

NO, the procedure is done by a physician and nurses and obliged to do the preparation

68
Q

What are things that are present at the bedside of the patient during an renal biopsy

A

Biopsy tray and other necessary material

69
Q

What would you instruct the patient during renal biopsy

A

Hold breath for 5 to 15 seconds and remain still during the needle insertion

70
Q

How long is a renal biopsy procedure

A

15 to 30 minutes

71
Q

Do you need to put patient in bed rest after renal biopsy?

A

Yes

72
Q

For how many hours do you need to put the patient in bed rest after renal biopsy

A

24 hours

73
Q

Why do you need to put patient in bed rest after renal biopsy

A

To prevent bleeding

74
Q

Do we need to monitor the patients vital signs after renal biopsy

A

Yes

75
Q

What vital signs changes should you notify as alarming

A

Hypotension
Tachycardia
Tachypnea

76
Q

Why is hypotension, tachypnea and tachycardia an alarming sign

A

It indicates bleeding

77
Q

How to you monitor the biopsy site?

A

Check the dressing

78
Q

Do you need to check the CBC after the renal biopsy?

A

Yes

79
Q

Why do you need to check the CBC after renal biopsy

A

To detect possibility of bleeding

80
Q

Do we need to increase the patients fluid intake after renal biopsy

A

Yes

81
Q

Why do we need to increase the patients fluid intake after renal biopsy

A

To prevent ascending urinary tract infection

82
Q

What should the patient avoid
after renal biopsy

A

Strenuous excercise

83
Q

How long should the patient avoid strenuous excercise

A

2 weeks

84
Q

Why should the patient avoid strenuous exercise for 2 weeks

A

To prevent bleeding

85
Q

a type of treatment that helps your body remove extra fluid and waste products from your blood when the kidneys are not able to.

A

Dialysis

86
Q

Purpose of dialysis

A

-A procedure that remove the end product of protein from metabolism from the blood
-maintain safe levels of electrolytes
-Correct acidosis and replenish the blood bicarbonate
-remove excess fluid from the blood

87
Q

type of dialysis which uses the peritoneum in a person’s abdomen as the membrane through which fluid and dissolved substances are exchanged with the blood.

A

Peritoneal dialysis

88
Q

Site of insertion for peritoneal dialysis

A

2 inches below the umbilicus

89
Q

Is the site of insertion for peritoneal dialysis avascular area?

A

Yes

90
Q

Is the site of insertion for peritoneal dialysis not risk for bleeding

A

Yes

91
Q

Do yo need to explain and get a written consent before the patient undergoes peritoneal dialysis

A

Yes

92
Q

Why do you Do yo need to explain and get a written consent before the patient undergoes peritoneal dialysis

A

Because it is an invasive procedure

93
Q

Do you need to monitor and record the vital signs before during and after peritoneal dialysis

A

Yes

94
Q

Why do you need to monitor and record the vital signs before during and after peritoneal dialysis

A

To serve as a baseline data

95
Q

Do you need to weight the patient before and after peritoneal dialysis

A

Yes

96
Q

Why Do you need to weight the patient before and after peritoneal dialysis

A

Because weight is the best indication for dehydration

97
Q

Why do you need to ask the patient to void before peritoneal dialysis

A

To provide comfort

98
Q

What is the temperature for the dialysate solution

A

Warm

99
Q

Why is it necessary that the dialysate solution be warm

A

To prevent abdominal discomfort and to increase capillary permiability

100
Q

Cycle of peritoneal dialysis
(I,D,D)

A

Infusion time
Dwell time
Drainage time

101
Q

It is the time when the dialysis solution be inserted

A

Infusion time

102
Q

How long is infusion time

A

10 minutes

103
Q

It is the time when the solution is in the peritonium

A

Dwell time

104
Q

How long is the dwell time period

A

4-6 hours

105
Q

The time when the solution move out to the peritonium

A

Drainage time

106
Q

How long is the drainage time?

A

30 minutes

107
Q

What is the color that normally comes out to the first few bottle of the peritoneal dialysis

A

Pink-tinged

108
Q

Why is pink tinged considered normal?

A

It may be due to irritation of the peritoneal membrane

109
Q

What is the indication when the drainage stop?

A

Check for the kinks

110
Q

What will you do when the drainage stop?

A

Turn the patient to the side

111
Q

Why do you need to Turn the patient to the side when the drainage stop?

A

The colon may be occulding the catheter lumen

112
Q

How will you monitor the patient hydration process for patient who undergoes peritoneal dialysis

A

Check the patients weight

113
Q

What will you observe the client after peritoneal dialysis?
(F,H,H,D)

A

Fluid leaks
Signs of Hypovolemia
Hyperglycemia
Disequilibrium syndrome

114
Q

Do you need to observe sterile techniques when handling dressing and tubing of peritoneum

A

Yes, to prevent infection or peritonitis

115
Q

Do you need to monitor the urine and blood glucose levels

A

Yes, because the solution of the dialysis contains glucose

116
Q

Incase of hyperglycemia what will you do

A

Give small amount of insulint

117
Q

Following the dialysis do you need to apply dressing and observe site for drainage

A

Yes

118
Q

What will you watch out after peritoneal dialysis
(P,R)

A

Peritonitis
Respiratory difficulties

119
Q

Signs of peritonitis
(B,R,A,A,F,A)

A

Board like abdomen
Rigid Abdomen
Abdominal pain
Abdominal tenderness
Fever and chills
Abdominal distention

120
Q

Why do patient undergoes peritoneal dialysis experience difficulty in respiration

A

Because of the h2o present in the dialysis solution

121
Q

What will you do if the patient who undertake peritoneal dialysis experience difficulty in respiration

A

Put the patient in semi-fowler to promote lung expansion

122
Q

Rapid removal of waste product from the blood than in the brain because of the brain barrier

A

Disequilibrium

123
Q

Signs of disequilibrium
(R,H,D,H,I,C,D)

A

Restlessness
Headache
Decrease LOC
Hypertension
Irritability
Confusion
Disorientation

124
Q

Position after peritoneal dialysis

A

Semi fowler

125
Q

a machine filters wastes, salts and fluid from your blood when your kidneys are no longer healthy enough to do this work adequately

A

Hemodialysis

126
Q

Does hemodialysis requires a vascular access

A

Yes

127
Q

Frequency of hemodialysis

A

3-4 times a week

128
Q

Duration of hemodialysis

A

2-3 hours per day

129
Q

Duration of initial hemodialysis

A

30 minutes

130
Q

Why is the duration of initial hemodialysis only for 30 minutes

A

To prevent disequilibrium

131
Q

Do you need to ask the client void before hemodialysis

A

Yes, to provide comfort

132
Q

Do you need to check the weight of the patient

A

Yes, weight is the best indication for dehydration

133
Q

Do you need to asses the patients bital signs before hemodialysis

A

Yes

134
Q

Will you asses the patient vitals signs during the procedure?

A

Yes, every 5-15 minutes

135
Q

Should we ensure bed rest with frequent position change for comfort

A

Yes

136
Q

Does headache and nausea normally occur after hemodialysis

A

Yes, because of possible disequilibrium

137
Q

Should you take the blood pressure at the affected side?

A

No, it may damage the potency

138
Q

What should you observe after the patient has hemodialysis

A

Impaired circulation

139
Q

What are the signs of impaired circulation

A

Pale
Arm pain

140
Q

Is it necessary to have an arm precaution when the patient has ab fistula or av shunt

A

Yes

141
Q

While auscultation for the patency of the av fistula what sound would you hear?? And palpable for____

A

Swish and thrill (vibrations)

142
Q

Is it necessary to have blood transfusion to be administered during the hemodialysis

A

Yes, cause the patient experienced anemia

143
Q

What medication should you omit during hemodialysis

A

Anti-hypertension

144
Q

Is a ‘do it yourself’ option that does not require a machine. It involves a tube permanently inserted through the abdomen to allow a fluid called dialysate to be emptied and replaced every day.

A

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

145
Q

Do you adhere to well balance diet during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

A

Yes

146
Q

Is it important to the periodic blood chemistry during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

A

Yes

147
Q

Is it important to take daily weight during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

A

Yes

148
Q

Duration of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

A

3-4 times a day

149
Q

Frequency when changing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

A

6-8 hours

150
Q

Is continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis a take hime peritonium

A

Yes

151
Q

Does continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis improve edema

A

No

152
Q

Does continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis improve elevated BUN, serum creatinine

A

Yes it decreases it

153
Q

Does continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis improve elevated Electrolytes

A

Yes, it decreases it

154
Q

Does continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis improve elevated Blood pressure

A

Yes it decreases it

155
Q

Does continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis improve anemia

A

No

156
Q

What drug is use for anemia

A

Epoetin Alfa

157
Q

Side effect of epoetin alfa

A

Hypertension

Renal System (4 decks)

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