Diagnostic imaging Flashcards
What is the unit of radiation exposure or intensity?
a.Roentgen
b.Rad
c.Rem
d.Curie
Roentgen
Rad:unit of radiation absorbed dose
Rem:devices used to monitor occupational exposure
Curie:unit of radioactivity, quantity of radioactive material
Xrays produce when the projectile electrons interact with the inner shell electrons.
a. Characteristic xrays
b.General
c. Continuous
d.Bremsstrahlung
Characteristic xrays
Xrays produce when the projectile electrons interacts with the nucleus of a target atom
a. Characteristic xrays
b. Line Xrays
c. Minor
d. Bremsstrahlung
Bremsstrahlung
Type of xray interaction occurs when an incident x-ray is totally absorbed during the ionization of an inner-shell electron
a. Photoelectric effect
b.Compton Effect
c. Coherent Scattering
d.Pair Production
Photoelectric effect
Type of xray interaction occurs when the incident x-rays interacts with an outer shell electron and ejects it from the atom thereby ionizing the atom
a. Photoelectric effect
b.Compton Effect
c. Coherent Scattering
d.Pair Production
Compton Effect
Type of xray interaction that results to a change in direction of the x-ray without a change in its energy
a. Photoelectric effect
b.Compton Effect
c. Coherent Scattering
d.Pair Production
Coherent Scattering
The interaction between the x-ray and the nuclear field causes the x- ray to disappear and in its place, two electrons appear, one positively charged (positron) and one negatively charged
a. Photoelectric effect
b.Compton Effect
c. Coherent Scattering
d.Pair Production
Pair Production
This is considered as the heart of the film
a. Emulsion
b.Silver halide crystals
c. Gelatin
d.Adhesive layers
Emulsion
The most common Source-Image distance used in veterinary practice
a. 50-60cm
b.70-80cm
c. 90-100cm
d. 110-120cm
90-100cm
Term use that refers to the peak potential applied to the x-ray tube, which accelerates electrons from the cathode to the anode
a. kVp
b.mA
c. mAs
d.All of the above
kVp
Refers to the measure of radiation produced (milliamperage) over a set amount of time (seconds) via an x-ray tube
a. kVp
b.mA
c. mAs
d.All of the above
mAs
milliampere-second
Areas of low echo intensity; darker gray image intensity
a. Anechoic
b.Hyperechoic
c.Hypoechoic
d.isoechoic
Hypoechoic
Artefacts that result from a wide range of electrical equipment or from radio-frequency signals
a. Reverberation artefact
b.Electronic interference
c. Acoustic shadow
d.Edge shadowing
Electronic interference
Artefacts that are results of multiple reflections of an ultrasound beam, bouncing back and forth between two surfaces or vibrating between highly reflective surface, usually gas
a. Reverberation artefact
b.Distal Enhancement
c. Acoustic shadow
d.Edge shadowing
Reverberation artefact
Artefacts that appears as a linear to cone-shaped hypo- or anechoic area distal to a highly attenuating structure
a. Reverberation artefact
b.Electronic interference
c. Acoustic shadow
d.Distal enhancement
Acoustic shadow
Artefacts that occurs deep to the margins of a rounded, fluid-filled or cystic structure
a. Side lobe artefact
b.Mirror image
c. Acoustic shadow
d.Edge shadowing
Edge shadowing
Refers to the overall brightness of the image
a. Depth
b.Gain
c. Frequency
d.Focus
Gain
To penetrate deeper tissues, the frequency should be
a. Low
b.High
c. Either low or high
d.Neither low or high
Low
What will happen if the frequency is high:
a. The penetration is deeper
b.The resolution is lower
c. The penetration is more superficial but higher resolution
d.All of the above
The penetration is more superficial but higher resolution
In general, what is the echogenicity of the renal medulla in comparison to the renal pelvis:
a. hypoechoic
b.hyperechoic
c. anechoic
d.isoechoic
Hypoechoic
In general, echogenicity of gas is:
a.hypoechoic
b.hyperechoic
c.anechoic
d.isoechoic
Hyperechoic
In general, echogenicity of water is:
a. hypoechoic
b.hyperechoic
c. anechoic
d.isoechoic
Anechoic
In mildly distended urinary bladder, the bladder wall thickness should not exceed:
a. 3mm
b.4mm
c. 5mm
d.6mm
3mm
In general, echogenicity of liver parenchyma in comparison to the spleen:
a. hypoechoic
b.hyperechoic
c. anechoic
d.isoechoic
Hypoechoic
The gallbladder contents are hyperechoic and organized into a striated pattern resembling the cut surface of a kiwi fruit
a. gallbladder sludge
b.mucocoele
c. cystitis
d.cystolith
Mucocoele
In dogs with less than 40 days of gestational age, the best measurement to take to determine gestational age is:
a. Gestational sac diameter
b.Crown-to-rump length
c. Body diameter
d.Head diameter
Gestational sac diameter
In dogs with more than 40 days of gestational age, the best measurement to take to determine gestational age is:
a. Gestational sac diameter
b.Crown-to-rump length
c. Body diameter
d.Head diameter
Head diameter
In dogs vertebral heart score, the cut-off value to be considered normal:
a. < 10.7v
b.> 10.7v
c. >11.0v
d.<11.0v
< 10.7v
When performing a thoracic radiograph, why is it important to position the animal in inspiration?
a. To decrease lung size for better visualization of the heart
b. To ensure the stomach is not obscuring the heart
c. To fully expand the lungs and improve the visibility of lung structures
d. To prevent motion artifacts caused by the animal’s movement
To fully expand the lungs and improve the visibility of lung structures
When evaluating for a potential pericardial effusion in a dog, which of the following is the most reliable radiographic sign?
a. Increased opacity in the cranial thorax
b. Round, globoid cardiac silhouette
c. Presence of multiple small pulmonary nodules
d. Severe rib cage distortion
Round, globoid cardiac silhouette
What is the most indicative radiographic sign of a small intestinal obstruction in a dog?
a. Increased size of the liver shadow
b. Presence of gas-filled loops with fluid levels
c. Displacement of the colon
d. Decreased abdominal opacity
Presence of gas-filled loops with fluid levels
Which of the following radiographic signs is most suggestive of an intra-abdominal mass effect rather than diffuse organ enlargement?
a. Increased abdominal opacity with loss of detail
b. Displacement of normal abdominal organs
c. “String of pearls” sign in the intestines
d. Increased gas in the small intestine
Displacement of normal abdominal organs
This organ located at the left side of the abdomen and is usually hyperechoic with a finer parenchyma relative to the liver
a. Spleen
b. Kidney
c. Adrenal gland
d. Gallbladder
Spleen
This organ is seen adjacent to the neck of the urinary bladder as a hyperechoic, homogenous, finely textured organ in the sagittal plane
a. Uterus
b. Bulbourethral gland
c. Prostate gland
d. colon
Prostate gland
This modality is used to measure the cardiac chambers:
a. B-mode
b. M-mode
c. A-mode
d. Doppler
M-mode
A 10-year-old dog with severe mitral regurgitation has the following echocardiographic findings:
a. Left ventricular enlargement
b. Left atrial enlargement
c. Irregular and thickened mitral valve
d. All of the above
All of the choices
Which intestinal muscle layer is hyperechoic?
a. Serosa
b. Muscularis
c. Submucosa
d. mucosa
Submucosa
This intestinal condition appears as “target lesion” in transverse view and as multilayered structure in longitudinal view
a. Inflammatory bowel disease
b. Lymphagiectasia
c. Linear foreign body
d. intussusception
Intussusception
Type of physeal fracture showing that the fracture are through the physis and a portion of the metaphysis
a. Salter-Harris type I
b. Salter-Harris type II
c. Salter-Harris type III
d. Salter-Harris type IV
Salter-Harris type II
Upon performing dental radiography in a cat, you observed that molars are already erupted. The approximate time of eruption of molars in cats is at what age:
a. 2 months old
b. 3 months old
c. 4 months old
d. 6 months old
4 months old
Which radiographic view is most commonly used to diagnose hip dysplasia in dogs?
a. Lateral view
b. Ventrodorsal view
c. Dorsoventral view
d. Oblique view
Ventrodorsal view
Which of the following radiographic signs is indicative of hip dysplasia in dogs?
a. Increased joint space and shallow acetabulum
b. Normal joint space and deep acetabulum
c. Decreased joint space and shallow acetabulum
d. Increased joint space and deep acetabulum
Increased joint space and shallow acetabulum
What does mineralization of the intervertebral disc on a radiograph typically indicate?
a. Presence of a tumor
b. Presence of a fracture
c. Chronic degeneration of the disc
d. Normal aging process
Chronic degeneration of the disc
The lung pattern that has doughnut signs and tram lines
a. Bronchial pattern
b. Interstitial pattern
c. Alveolar pattern
d. Vascular pattern
Bronchial pattern
The lung pattern showing fluffy, increased opacity of the lung fields, occupying one or more lobes, and often associated with air bronchograms
a. Bronchial pattern
b. Interstitial pattern
c. Alveolar pattern
d. Vascular pattern
Alveolar pattern
The lung pattern results in the filling of the interstitial space with fluid, exudate, fibrosis or metastatic lesions.
a. Bronchial pattern
b. Interstitial pattern
c. Alveolar pattern
d. Vascular pattern
Interstitial pattern
In dogs, the normal radiographic measurement of kidney in relation to length of 2nd lumbar vertebra:
a. 2-3x
b. 2.5-3.5x
c. 3-4x
d. 1-2x
2.5-3.5x
Cats: 2-3 x the length of L2
Imaging modality that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues within the body.
a. Computed tomography
b. Magnetic resonance imaging
c. Fluoroscopy
d. Ultrasonography
Magnetic resonance imaging
This is a medical imaging technique that uses specialized X-ray equipment and computer technology to create detailed cross-sectional images of the inside of the body
a. Computed tomography
b. Magnetic resonance imaging
c. Fluoroscopy
d. Ultrasonography
Computed tomography
Imaging modality that produces real-time imaging:
a. Computed tomography
b. Magnetic resonance imaging
c. Radiography
d. Ultrasonography
Ultrasonography
