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9 Reviewer A Veterinary Surgery > Diagnostic imaging > Flashcards

Diagnostic imaging Flashcards

1
Q

What is the unit of radiation exposure or intensity?
a.Roentgen
b.Rad
c.Rem
d.Curie

A

Roentgen

Rad:unit of radiation absorbed dose
Rem:devices used to monitor occupational exposure
Curie:unit of radioactivity, quantity of radioactive material

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2
Q

Xrays produce when the projectile electrons interact with the inner shell electrons.
a. Characteristic xrays
b.General
c. Continuous
d.Bremsstrahlung

A

Characteristic xrays

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3
Q

Xrays produce when the projectile electrons interacts with the nucleus of a target atom
a. Characteristic xrays
b. Line Xrays
c. Minor
d. Bremsstrahlung

A

Bremsstrahlung

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4
Q

Type of xray interaction occurs when an incident x-ray is totally absorbed during the ionization of an inner-shell electron
a. Photoelectric effect
b.Compton Effect
c. Coherent Scattering
d.Pair Production

A

Photoelectric effect

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5
Q

Type of xray interaction occurs when the incident x-rays interacts with an outer shell electron and ejects it from the atom thereby ionizing the atom
a. Photoelectric effect
b.Compton Effect
c. Coherent Scattering
d.Pair Production

A

Compton Effect

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6
Q

Type of xray interaction that results to a change in direction of the x-ray without a change in its energy
a. Photoelectric effect
b.Compton Effect
c. Coherent Scattering
d.Pair Production

A

Coherent Scattering

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7
Q

The interaction between the x-ray and the nuclear field causes the x- ray to disappear and in its place, two electrons appear, one positively charged (positron) and one negatively charged
a. Photoelectric effect
b.Compton Effect
c. Coherent Scattering
d.Pair Production

A

Pair Production

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8
Q

This is considered as the heart of the film
a. Emulsion
b.Silver halide crystals
c. Gelatin
d.Adhesive layers

A

Emulsion

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9
Q

The most common Source-Image distance used in veterinary practice
a. 50-60cm
b.70-80cm
c. 90-100cm
d. 110-120cm

A

90-100cm

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10
Q

Term use that refers to the peak potential applied to the x-ray tube, which accelerates electrons from the cathode to the anode
a. kVp
b.mA
c. mAs
d.All of the above

A

kVp

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11
Q

Refers to the measure of radiation produced (milliamperage) over a set amount of time (seconds) via an x-ray tube
a. kVp
b.mA
c. mAs
d.All of the above

A

mAs

milliampere-second

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12
Q

Areas of low echo intensity; darker gray image intensity
a. Anechoic
b.Hyperechoic
c.Hypoechoic
d.isoechoic

A

Hypoechoic

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13
Q

Artefacts that result from a wide range of electrical equipment or from radio-frequency signals
a. Reverberation artefact
b.Electronic interference
c. Acoustic shadow
d.Edge shadowing

A

Electronic interference

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14
Q

Artefacts that are results of multiple reflections of an ultrasound beam, bouncing back and forth between two surfaces or vibrating between highly reflective surface, usually gas
a. Reverberation artefact
b.Distal Enhancement
c. Acoustic shadow
d.Edge shadowing

A

Reverberation artefact

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15
Q

Artefacts that appears as a linear to cone-shaped hypo- or anechoic area distal to a highly attenuating structure
a. Reverberation artefact
b.Electronic interference
c. Acoustic shadow
d.Distal enhancement

A

Acoustic shadow

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16
Q

Artefacts that occurs deep to the margins of a rounded, fluid-filled or cystic structure
a. Side lobe artefact
b.Mirror image
c. Acoustic shadow
d.Edge shadowing

A

Edge shadowing

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17
Q

Refers to the overall brightness of the image
a. Depth
b.Gain
c. Frequency
d.Focus

A

Gain

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18
Q

To penetrate deeper tissues, the frequency should be
a. Low
b.High
c. Either low or high
d.Neither low or high

A

Low

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19
Q

What will happen if the frequency is high:
a. The penetration is deeper
b.The resolution is lower
c. The penetration is more superficial but higher resolution
d.All of the above

A

The penetration is more superficial but higher resolution

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20
Q

In general, what is the echogenicity of the renal medulla in comparison to the renal pelvis:
a. hypoechoic
b.hyperechoic
c. anechoic
d.isoechoic

A

Hypoechoic

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21
Q

In general, echogenicity of gas is:
a.hypoechoic
b.hyperechoic
c.anechoic
d.isoechoic

A

Hyperechoic

22
Q

In general, echogenicity of water is:
a. hypoechoic
b.hyperechoic
c. anechoic
d.isoechoic

A

Anechoic

23
Q

In mildly distended urinary bladder, the bladder wall thickness should not exceed:
a. 3mm
b.4mm
c. 5mm
d.6mm

A

3mm

24
Q

In general, echogenicity of liver parenchyma in comparison to the spleen:
a. hypoechoic
b.hyperechoic
c. anechoic
d.isoechoic

A

Hypoechoic

25
Q

The gallbladder contents are hyperechoic and organized into a striated pattern resembling the cut surface of a kiwi fruit
a. gallbladder sludge
b.mucocoele
c. cystitis
d.cystolith

A

Mucocoele

26
Q

In dogs with less than 40 days of gestational age, the best measurement to take to determine gestational age is:
a. Gestational sac diameter
b.Crown-to-rump length
c. Body diameter
d.Head diameter

A

Gestational sac diameter

27
Q

In dogs with more than 40 days of gestational age, the best measurement to take to determine gestational age is:
a. Gestational sac diameter
b.Crown-to-rump length
c. Body diameter
d.Head diameter

A

Head diameter

28
Q

In dogs vertebral heart score, the cut-off value to be considered normal:
a. < 10.7v
b.> 10.7v
c. >11.0v
d.<11.0v

A

< 10.7v

29
Q

When performing a thoracic radiograph, why is it important to position the animal in inspiration?
a. To decrease lung size for better visualization of the heart
b. To ensure the stomach is not obscuring the heart
c. To fully expand the lungs and improve the visibility of lung structures
d. To prevent motion artifacts caused by the animal’s movement

A

To fully expand the lungs and improve the visibility of lung structures

30
Q

When evaluating for a potential pericardial effusion in a dog, which of the following is the most reliable radiographic sign?
a. Increased opacity in the cranial thorax
b. Round, globoid cardiac silhouette
c. Presence of multiple small pulmonary nodules
d. Severe rib cage distortion

A

Round, globoid cardiac silhouette

31
Q

What is the most indicative radiographic sign of a small intestinal obstruction in a dog?
a. Increased size of the liver shadow
b. Presence of gas-filled loops with fluid levels
c. Displacement of the colon
d. Decreased abdominal opacity

A

Presence of gas-filled loops with fluid levels

32
Q

Which of the following radiographic signs is most suggestive of an intra-abdominal mass effect rather than diffuse organ enlargement?
a. Increased abdominal opacity with loss of detail
b. Displacement of normal abdominal organs
c. “String of pearls” sign in the intestines
d. Increased gas in the small intestine

A

Displacement of normal abdominal organs

33
Q

This organ located at the left side of the abdomen and is usually hyperechoic with a finer parenchyma relative to the liver
a. Spleen
b. Kidney
c. Adrenal gland
d. Gallbladder

A

Spleen

34
Q

This organ is seen adjacent to the neck of the urinary bladder as a hyperechoic, homogenous, finely textured organ in the sagittal plane
a. Uterus
b. Bulbourethral gland
c. Prostate gland
d. colon

A

Prostate gland

35
Q

This modality is used to measure the cardiac chambers:
a. B-mode
b. M-mode
c. A-mode
d. Doppler

A

M-mode

36
Q

A 10-year-old dog with severe mitral regurgitation has the following echocardiographic findings:
a. Left ventricular enlargement
b. Left atrial enlargement
c. Irregular and thickened mitral valve
d. All of the above

A

All of the choices

37
Q

Which intestinal muscle layer is hyperechoic?
a. Serosa
b. Muscularis
c. Submucosa
d. mucosa

A

Submucosa

38
Q

This intestinal condition appears as “target lesion” in transverse view and as multilayered structure in longitudinal view
a. Inflammatory bowel disease
b. Lymphagiectasia
c. Linear foreign body
d. intussusception

A

Intussusception

39
Q

Type of physeal fracture showing that the fracture are through the physis and a portion of the metaphysis
a. Salter-Harris type I
b. Salter-Harris type II
c. Salter-Harris type III
d. Salter-Harris type IV

A

Salter-Harris type II

40
Q

Upon performing dental radiography in a cat, you observed that molars are already erupted. The approximate time of eruption of molars in cats is at what age:
a. 2 months old
b. 3 months old
c. 4 months old
d. 6 months old

A

4 months old

41
Q

Which radiographic view is most commonly used to diagnose hip dysplasia in dogs?
a. Lateral view
b. Ventrodorsal view
c. Dorsoventral view
d. Oblique view

A

Ventrodorsal view

42
Q

Which of the following radiographic signs is indicative of hip dysplasia in dogs?
a. Increased joint space and shallow acetabulum
b. Normal joint space and deep acetabulum
c. Decreased joint space and shallow acetabulum
d. Increased joint space and deep acetabulum

A

Increased joint space and shallow acetabulum

43
Q

What does mineralization of the intervertebral disc on a radiograph typically indicate?
a. Presence of a tumor
b. Presence of a fracture
c. Chronic degeneration of the disc
d. Normal aging process

A

Chronic degeneration of the disc

44
Q

The lung pattern that has doughnut signs and tram lines
a. Bronchial pattern
b. Interstitial pattern
c. Alveolar pattern
d. Vascular pattern

A

Bronchial pattern

45
Q

The lung pattern showing fluffy, increased opacity of the lung fields, occupying one or more lobes, and often associated with air bronchograms
a. Bronchial pattern
b. Interstitial pattern
c. Alveolar pattern
d. Vascular pattern

A

Alveolar pattern

46
Q

The lung pattern results in the filling of the interstitial space with fluid, exudate, fibrosis or metastatic lesions.
a. Bronchial pattern
b. Interstitial pattern
c. Alveolar pattern
d. Vascular pattern

A

Interstitial pattern

47
Q

In dogs, the normal radiographic measurement of kidney in relation to length of 2nd lumbar vertebra:
a. 2-3x
b. 2.5-3.5x
c. 3-4x
d. 1-2x

A

2.5-3.5x

Cats: 2-3 x the length of L2

48
Q

Imaging modality that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues within the body.
a. Computed tomography
b. Magnetic resonance imaging
c. Fluoroscopy
d. Ultrasonography

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

49
Q

This is a medical imaging technique that uses specialized X-ray equipment and computer technology to create detailed cross-sectional images of the inside of the body
a. Computed tomography
b. Magnetic resonance imaging
c. Fluoroscopy
d. Ultrasonography

A

Computed tomography

50
Q

Imaging modality that produces real-time imaging:
a. Computed tomography
b. Magnetic resonance imaging
c. Radiography
d. Ultrasonography

A

Ultrasonography

9 Reviewer A Veterinary Surgery (4 decks)

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