Diagnostic Flashcards
This laboratory procedure Test that identifies the antibodies that attack the nucleus of the individual’s own body cells (autoantibodies)
The presence of ANAs indicates the potential for autoimmunity and directs the physician to explore possible autoimmune diseases.
antinuclear antibody (ANA)
ăn-tĭ-NŪ-klē-ăr ĂN-tĭ-bŏd-ē
anti-: against
nucle: nucleus
-ar: pertaining to
This laboratory tests Test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream
Blood culture
This laboratory Series of tests that includes hemoglobin, hematocrit, red and white blood cell counts, platelet count, and differential (diff) count; also called hemogram
CBC is a broad screening test for anemias, coagulation disorders, and infections.
Complete blood count
Nonspecific rapid serological test for the presence of the heterophile antibody, which develops several days after infection by Epstein-Barr virus, the organism that causes infectious mononucleosis
Monospot
Screening test for deficiencies in clotting factors by measuring the length of time it takes blood to clot; also called activated partial _______time (APTT)
PTT is a valuable tool in preoperative screening for bleeding tendencies.
partial thromboplastin
thrŏm-bō-PLĂS-tĭn
Laboratory Test used to detect and diagnose bleeding disorders or excessive clotting disorders; also called pro ______time
PT is commonly used to monitor blood thinning medications, diagnose liver problems, and assess the blood’s ability to clot before undertaking surgical procedures.
thrombin
(PT)
prō-THRŎM-bĭn
Imaging technique for Highly sensitive imaging procedure that detects lesions and changes in bone tissue and bone marrow, especially in diagnosing multiple myeloma
bone marrow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Imaging test for Visualization of lymph channels and lymph nodes using a contrast medium to determine blockages or other pathologies of the lymphatic system
Because lymph nodes filter and trap cancer cells, this test is commonly used to determine lymph flow in areas that contain malignancy.
lymphangiography
lĭm-făn-jē-ŎG-ră-fē
lymph: lymph
angi/o: vessel
-graphy: process of recording
Imaging process that Introduces a radioactive tracer into the lymph channels to determine lymph flow, identify obstructions, and locate the sentinel node
is also used to biopsy the sentinel node, assess the stage of cancer, and determine a plan of treatment.
Lymphoscintigraphy
Surgical Removal of bone marrow (usually from the pelvis) for microscopic examination using a thin aspirating needle (See Fig. 9-11.)
Bone marrow_____ aids in identifying blood disorders (leukemias or anemias), infections, and fevers of unknown origin.
Bone marrow aspiration(removing fluid or other substances from the body)
Surgical Infusion of healthy bone marrow stem cells after destroying the diseased bone marrow by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both and commonly used to treat leukemia, aplastic anemia, and certain cancers; also called stem cell transplant
In an autologous transplant, the donor and recipient are the same individual. In a homologous transplant, the donor and recipient are different individuals.
bone marrow transplant (BMT)
BŌN MĂR-ō TRĂNS-plănt
Surgical Removal of lymph nodes, especially in surgical procedures undertaken to remove malignant tissue, in an effort to control the spread of cancer
A limited or modified____ removes only some of the lymph nodes in the area around a tumor; a___, or____, lymphadenectomy removes all of the lymph nodes in the area.
lymphadenectomy
Total or radical
Surgical Removal of the first node (sentinel node) that receives drainage from cancer-containing areas and the one most likely to contain malignant cells
If the sentinel node does not contain malignant cells, there may be no need to remove regional lymph nodes during cancer surgery. (See Fig. 9-12.)
sentinel node excision
SĔNT-ĭ-nĕl NŌD
Therapeutic :Any form of treatment that alters, enhances, stimulates, or restores the body’s own natural immune mechanisms to treat diseases; also called biological therapy
immunotherapy
ĭm-ū-nō-THĔR-ă-pē
immun/o: immune, immunity, safe
-therapy: treatment
Therapeutic Treatment using antibody mixtures, administered via intravenous, subcutaneous, or intramuscular routes
IG therapy is commonly used to treat immunodeficiencies and autoimmune diseases.
immunoglobulin (IG) therapy
ĭm-ū-nō-GLŎB-ū-lĭn
THĔR-ă-pē
Dialysis procedure that removes and discards the patient’s plasma containing the autoantibodies responsible for tissue destruction in autoimmunity and returns the blood cells to the patient suspended in the plasma of a donor Autoimmune diseases treated using this include myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and muscular dystrophy.
plasmapheresis
plăz-mă-fĕr-Ē-sĭs
Infusion of blood or blood products from one person (donor) to another (recipient)
is usually performed as a lifesaving maneuver when there is serious blood loss or for the treatment of severe anemias.
Transfusion
