Diagnosis & Pattern Differentiation Flashcards
What are the four methods of examination?
Observation/Inspection
Listening and Smelling
Interrogation
Palpation
What are the traditional 10 questions of enquiry?
- Chills and Fever
- Sweat
- Head and body
- Stools and urine
- Appetite, thirst and taste
- Chest and abdomen
- Ears and eyes
- Sleep
- Old illnesses
- Lifestyle and emotions
The symptom of ‘thirst without the desire to drink’ is typical of what condition?
Excess of damp
What is the urine like with cold and heat conditions?
Cold - pale and copious
Heat - Dark and scant
What does spontaneous sweating, night sweats and oily sweating each indicate in interior patterns?
Spontaneous sweating - Qi Deficiency
Night sweats - Deficiency of Yin
Oily sweating - Yang deficiency
If the patient has both an excess and deficiency which is treated first?
Excess
List the 8 principles for disease patterns (Ba Gang)
Exterior/Interior
Deficiency/Excess
Cold/Heat
Yin/Yang
What is the only organ affected by exterior disease?
The lungs
What are some characteristic of exterior diseases?
Generally acute, sudden onset, short duration and less serious
What are some characteristics of interior diseases?
Chronic, gradual onset, more serious. Involves ZangFu, Qi, Blood and body fluids.
What are some causes of interior disease?
An exterior evil that is not expelled by the body
Emotions
Irregular food intake
Overstrain/stress
What is the order in which disease penetrates the body? (Starting from superficial layer)
Skin Flesh (pores) Muscles Blood Bone ZangFu organs
What exterior condition are kids more prone to and why?
Wind-Heat because they are balls of Yang energy
What are the chief manifestations of exterior disease?
An intolerance to cold and wind
Why does wind cause an aversion to cold?
Wind obstructs the space between the skin and the muscles where the defensive Qi circulates; as the defensive Qi warms the muscles, when it is obstructed it cannot do so therefore the patient feels cold.
What is classified as exterior and interior of the body?
Exterior - skin, muscles and channels
Interior - Organs
What does fever and aversion to cold symptoms that occur simultaneously always indicate?
An invasion from an external pathogenic factor
What are the 5 main clinical manifestations of exterior patterns?
Aversion to cold 'Fever' Aching body A stiff neck Floating pulse
Can also have headache, sore or itchy throat, nasal congestion and chills
What are the main clinical manifestations of exterior cold patterns (wind-cold)? (8)
Slight 'fever' Pronounced aversion to cold Severe aches in body Severe stiff neck No sweating No thirst Floating-tight pulse Thin white tongue coating
What are the main clinical manifestations of exterior hot patterns (Wind-heat)? (6)
'fever' Aversion to cold Slight sweating Thirst Floating-Rapid pulse Thin white tongue coating sometimes redness of tongue on the sides and/or front
What is a full condition characterised by?
The presence of a pathogenic factor of any kind and by the fact that the body’s Qi is relatively intact.
‘Fullness’ denotes fullness of a pathogenic factor, not fullness of Qi
How do the cold, wind, dampness and heat manifest in Painful Obstructive Syndrome?
Cold - Usually only in one joint, pain is severe and relieved by heat
Wind - Pain moves from joint to joint
Dampness - Swelling in joints
Heat - Pain is severe and the joints are hot and swollen
What is the most important symptoms that mark the change from the exterior to the interior stage?
The disappearance of aversion to cold and onset of aversion to heat
What are the chief manifestations of half exterior - half interior (Shao Yang disharmony)?
Alternating chills and fever Sense of fullness in the chest Nausea Bitter taste Blurred vision Dry throat Belching Wiry pulse