Diagnosis and Treatment of APD Flashcards
speech-language pathologist’s role
- interdisciplinary team consultation
- screening and APD case history
- comprehensive cognitive-communication and speech and language assessments
- providing education and counsel to the patient and family
diagnosing central auditory processing disorder (CAPD)
- questionnaires (SLPs, teacher, parent, audiologist)
- screenings (SLPs, audiologist)
- tests (audiologist)
team approach: audiologists
evaluate and diagnose problems in the reception of auditory signals in the peripheral auditory system and the CANS
team approach: SLPs
evaluate and diagnose problems in the linguistic processing of the auditory signal
team approach: audiologists and SLPs
share responsibility for diagnosing problems in the phonemic processing of the auditory signal
estimated incidence and prevalence of CAPD
- no universal standardized diagnostic criteria
- up to 5% of children
- male to female ratio = 2 to 1
- adults 55 and over = 23%-76%
potential causes and risk factors
- age-related changes in the CANS
- genetics
- neurological disorders
- neuro-maturational delay (secondary to auditory deprivation)
- otologic disorder, disease, or injury (secondary to auditory deprivation)
- pre-natal/neo-natal factors
- unknown
signs of symptoms of auditory processing disorders
- sound localization
- difficulty understanding in noise
- taking longer to respond to oral directions
- saying “what” or “huh” frequently
- inconsistent or inappropriate responding
- difficulty understanding rapid speech
- difficulty learning songs or nursery rhymes
- poor musical and singing skills
- difficulty paying attention-easily distracted
- poor performance on speech and language or psychoeducational tests in auditory-related skills
- associated reading, spelling, and learning problems
- difficulty learning a new language
- detecting prosody changes (sarcasm)
appropriate age and skills for testing
- few tests available that have normative data for children under the age of 7 years (SCAN-3C, SSW)
- cognitive ability needs to be taken into consideration
- ASD depending on the cognitive abilities needed to meet the demands of the tests
comorbidity of CAPD: some examples include…
- language delay/deficit
- attention deficit/hyperactivity
language delay/deficit
- poor performance on listening tasks can be reflected in
- treatment approach (attention deficit/hyperactivity)
auditory processing test battery
- behavioral
- electrophysiological
behavioral test battery
- dichotic listening
- temporal processing/sequencing
- low-redundancy speech
- binaural interaction
- auditory discrimination
dichotic listening
- competing messages to each ear simultaneously
- binaural integration-repeat back what is presented to both ears
binaural separation
repeat back stimuli in one ear while
left hemisphere dominance in dichotic testing
right ear advantage (REA)
right ear advantage (REA)
- children show a higher percentage of correct responses in the right ear
- the REA minimizes around adolescence due to maturation of the corpus callosum
- a significant REA in children may suggest a maturation delay of the CANS
abnormal scores on dichotic listening tests
- at risk for difficulty interpreting speech in the presence of competing messages
- listening to multiple speakers at the same time
temporal processing/sequencing
- time based
- ability to recognize the timing aspects of acoustic stimuli
- perception of rapidly alternating speech sounds
- prosody recognition
abnormal scores on temporal processing/sequence tests
- interhemispheric dysfunction
- right hemisphere superiority
right hemispheric superiority
- processing of prosody
- analysis of facial expressions
- artistic and music talents
low-redundancy speech
- degraded speech
- ability to interpret the signal using auditory closure
abnormal results on low redundancy speech tests
- may miss pieces of auditory information if the signal is degraded
- could help explain poor listening skills in the classroom
binaural interaction: binaural fusion
- 2 signals presented simultaneously to both ears
- high frequency information to 1 ear, low frequency information to other
