Audiological Diagnoses, Etiologies, and Treatment Considerations Flashcards
diagnoses and etiologies of the outer ear
- conductive HL
- otoscopy and visual inspection of the ear
otoscopy and visual inspection of the ear
- microtia and atresia
- collapsed EAC
- impacted cerumen
- foreign bodies
- otitis media
outer ear anomalies
- anotia
- microtia
- atresia of external auditory canal
- collapsed external auditory canal
- stenosis of external auditory canal
- impacted cerumen
- foreign bodies
- otitis externa
anotia
missing auricle/pinna
microtia
abnormally small or malformed pinna
atresia of external auditory canal
congenital absence of either cartilaginous or bony portion of the EAC
collapsed external auditory canal
cartilage of softened or weak
stenosis of external auditory canal
narrowing or obstruction of EAC
impacted cerumen
ear wax obstructing ear canal
otitis externa
outer ear infection (swimmer’s ear)
perichondrial hematoma
- due to trauma
- blood or fluid build up
- “cauliflower ear”
diagnoses and etiologies of the middle ear
- conductive HL
- tympanometry
tympanometry
- perforated tympanic membrane
- tympanosclerosis
- eustachian tube dysfunction
- otitis media
- cholesteatoma
- otosclerosis
- ossicular disruption/discontinuity
perforated tympanic membrane
hole in the membrane due to excessive pressure or trauma
tympanosclerosis
- thickening or scarring of the tympanic membrane due to recurrent ear infections
- consists of calcium deposits
- does not respond well to medical or surgical treatment
otitis media
middle ear inflammation or infection
otitis media with with effusion (fluid)
serous or supprative
serous
non infected
supprative
pus or discharge
otorrhea
ear discharge
cholesteatoma
- ossicular discontinuity/malformation
- otosclerosis
ossicular discontinuity/malformation
- break or malformation in the ossicular chain due to disease or trauma
- can be surgically repaired using a prosthetic or cadaver ossicle
otosclerosis
- disease growth around the footplate of the stapes
- stapes becomes fixed into the oval window
- genetic-linked disease and osteogenesis
otosclerosis audiogram
carhart’s notch
carhart’s notch
distinctive drop in bone conduction threshold at 2000 Hz
diagnoses and etiologies of the inne ear
- sensorineural HL
- behavioral and physiological tests
inner ear: behavioral and physiological tests
- noise-induced
- ototoxicity
- trauma
- Meniere’s disease
- presbycusis
- autoimmune inner ear disease
noise-induced HL
- hearing damage occurs in the basal portion of the cochlea
- hair cells are damaged or lost due to intensity of a sound
hair cells are damaged or lost due to intensity of a sound
- can be a sudden impulsive sound
- can be gradual damage of intense sounds over time
acoustic notch resulted from NIHL
noticeable drop in hearing threshold at 4000 Hz
top 2 noisiest toys 2021
- DJ mix and spin studio by Hape (107.8 dB)
- Disney’s Moana squeeze and scream HeiHei by JAKKS (109.7 dB)
how do you know if noise is too loud?
- you must raise your voice to be heard
- you can’t hear or understand someone 3 feet away from you
- speech around you sounds muffled or dull after you leave the noisy area
- you have pain or ringing in your ears after you hear the noise, called tinnitus
how long can tinnitus last?
it can last for a few minutes or a few days
protect your hearing
- avoid loud noise when possible
- wear hearing protection
- do not listen to loud sounds too long
- lower the volume
- be a good consumer
earplugs
15-30 dB reduction
earmuffs
15-30 dB reduction
earplugs and earmuffs
even more than 30 dB reduction
loud noise: 70 dB A
safe number
louse noise: 90 dB A
- 8 hours
- every 5 dB rise, cut the listening time in half
- 95 dB A = 4 hours
ototoxicity
- drugs and chemicals that are toxic to the hearing or vestibular portion of the inner ear
- can cause hearing loss or balance problems (mycins)
- chemotherapy drugs
- higher frequencies are affected first
- ultra high hearing testing monitored while a patient is on a known ototoxic drug
trauma
- secondary to a skull fracture
- TBI
- explosive blast
- CVA
Meniere’s disease
- disease that causes unilateral low frequency HL, tinnitus, dizziness, and nausea
- endolymphatic hydrops
endolymphatic hydrops
over secretion or under absorption of endolymph in the labyrinth
presbycusis definition
hearing loss due to aging
presbycusis information
- general oxygen deficiency caused by arteriosclerosis
- audiogram will show hearing loss in the higher frequencies
HL loss typically occurs in the ___ frequencies because of tonotopic organization
higher
diagnoses and etiologies of the 8th cranial nerve
- acoustic neuroma
- neurofibromatosis type 2
acoustic neuroma
- vestibular schwannoma
- non-cancerous tumors
- slow progression
- unilateral
neurofibromatosis type 2
commonly see tumors around 8th cranial nerve too
diagnoses and etiologies, site of lesion non-specified
- viral (CMV, herpes simplex, rubella)
- genetically linked
- syndromes
- auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD)
auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD)
- person has present OAEs but absent ABR
- relatively newly defined syndrome
