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Knee Conditions > Diagnosis > Flashcards

Diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

Traumatic Arthritis

A

Capsular pattern,
Pain,
Swelling,
Decrease in activity tolerance

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2
Q

Hemarthrosis

A

Patient history,
Physical examination, Severe pain,
Rapid swelling (3-4 hrs), Associated with hemophilia and OA flap tear of meniscus

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3
Q

Monoarticular Steroid-Sensitive Arthritis

A

Capsular pattern,

Patient history

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4
Q

Septic Arthritis

A

Spread of infection into joint capsule,

Leukocyte count of synovial fluid

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5
Q

Discoid Meniscus

A

Congenital defect-more prone to injury, Meniscus half-moon or full circle shaped rather than crescent shaped

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6
Q

Medial Coronary Ligament Injury

A

History of rotation trauma,

Painful lateral rotation, Local tenderness

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7
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Injury

A

History of trauma→ Acute cases: capsular pattern and local tenderness;
Chronic cases: limitation in a non-capsular pattern

Painful valgus and lateral rotation

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8
Q

Intra-articular Adhesions

A

Typically seen s/p surgery or after sprain, Knee stiffens progressively and painlessly in flexion but normal with extension, Pathology is palpable and clicking is present

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9
Q

Subsynovial Hematoma

A

History of local blow, Marked limitation of flexion,

Normal extension

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10
Q

Medial Collateral Bursitis

A

Middle-aged,
Nocturnal pain,
Non-capsular pattern, Painful valgus and external rotation, Hardish swelling

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11
Q

Medial Meniscus Injury

A

Locking/manipulative unlocking,

Symptoms of sprained coronary ligament

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12
Q

Patellar Bursitis

A

Pain with activity,
Swelling,
Tenderness,
Warmth in the anterior knee

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13
Q

Popliteal (Baker’s) Cyst

A

Can result from trauma, Must rule out DVT

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14
Q

Adherent Vastus Intermedius

A

Limited knee flexion, Normal extension, Follows femur fracture

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15
Q

Chronic Non-adherent Ligamentous Lesion

Plica Mediopatellaris

A

Vague medial pain, Sometimes twinges, Painful arc,

Local thickening and tenderness

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16
Q

Loose Body

A

Middle-aged individual,
Twinges-usually on walking downstairs,
Non-capsular pattern, Typical end-feel,
“Sprain without a sprain”

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17
Q

Plica Synovialis Syndrome

A

Aggravation of pain with loading activities (stairs)

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18
Q

Patellar Bursitis

A

Pain with activity,
Swelling,
Tenderness,
Warmth of anterior knee

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19
Q

Patellofemoral Pain Disorders

A

Dull pain,
Pain during sitting, Increased Q angle, Hypertrophied lateral bands,
Crepitus during squatting

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20
Q

Patellofemoral Arthrosis

A

Anterior pain while walking upstairs, Crepitus,

Sometimes pain during sitting

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21
Q

Sprain of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament–

Anterior Insertion

A

Trauma→
Acute stages: capsular pattern;
Chronic stage: Exclusively a positive anterior drawer test

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22
Q

Sprain of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament–

Anterior Insertion

A

Trauma→
Acute stages: capsular pattern;
Chronic stage: Exclusively a positive posterior drawer test

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23
Q

Suprapatellar Tendinitis

A

Painful resisted extension,

Tenderness at the upper border

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24
Q

Infrapatellar Tendinitis

A

Painful resisted extension,

Tenderness at the lower pole

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25
Q

Infrapatellar Tenosynovitis

A

Painful resisted extension,
Crepitus,
Local tenderness

26
Q

Quadriceps Expansion Tendinitis

A

Painful resisted extension,

Lateral or medial tenderness

27
Q

Medial Quadriceps Expansion Tendinitis

A

Pain during exertion,
Resisted extension painful,
Local tenderness

28
Q

Pes Anserine Tendinitis

A

Resisted flexion and internal rotation painful

29
Q

Lateral Coronary Ligament Injury

A

Often mistaken for meniscal lesion,
Pain with twisting,
Joint line tenderness

30
Q

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) Injury

A

Patient history of varus forces at the knee,

Tenderness with palpation (knee at 20 degrees)

31
Q

Lateral Meniscus Tear

A

Locking and manipulative unlocking, Symptoms of sprained lateral coronary ligament
Squatting and twisting concordant sign

32
Q

Lateral Meniscus Cyst

A

Secondary to meniscal tear or degenerative changes,

Palpable

33
Q

Quadriceps Lesion

A

High-impact, landing MOI

34
Q

Strained Iliotibial Band

A

Palpation of distal end of IT band is concordant

35
Q

Ruptured Quadriceps

A

Heavy load applied to partially flexed knee – poor jumping/landing mechanism,
Inability to completely extend knee,
Indentation superior to patella,
Difficulty walking, Bruising may be present

36
Q

Patellar Fracture

A

MOI of trauma (fall, MVA) or forceful quad contraction

37
Q

Patellar Tendon Rupture

A 
Inability to extend knee, Weak tendon,
Trauma to tendon,
Pain,
Swelling, 
Indentation at inferior patella, 
Patella may move superiorly
38
Q

L3 Nerve Root Lesions

A

Pain and numbness radiating into gluteal region and anterior thigh (Possibly in the posterior thigh)

39
Q

Femoral Nerve Lesions

A

Patient history of hip fractures, thigh lacerations, psoas abscess, DM, tumor, surgical history

40
Q

Hamstring Lesions

A

MOI of sudden sharp pain,
Swelling,
Tenderness,
Possible bruising

41
Q

Biceps Femoris Tendinitis

A

Pain with resisted knee flexion,
Tenderness at insertion point
Lateral location rules out other hamstring muscles

42
Q

Lesions of Pes Anersinus

A

Patient history of acute trauma to medial knee, Physical exam indicated pain in proximal-medial tibia

43
Q

Strained Popliteus Muscle

A

Pain w/ resisted knee flexion & lateral rotation, Hamstrings may be tight - difficult extension;
Acute: hyperextension mechanism,
Chronic: runners most common

44
Q

Gastrocnemius Lesions

A

Must be able to rule out DVT, Posterior-medial calf pain,
MOI of forceful plantarflexion accompanied by audible pop after feeling as if something was thrown at patient (Achilles rupture),
Swelling,
Bruising,
Absence of tendon upon palpation of achilles tendon (Achilles rupture)

45
Q

Apophysitis

A

Boys from 10-15 y.o.,

Local pain and tenderness

46
Q

Recurrent Dislocation

A

Attacks of collapsing, swelling, and anteromedial pain, Positive apprehension test,
Decreased Q angle

47
Q

Crystal Synovitis

A

Associated with metabolic disorders,
Over 60 y.o.,
Aspiration

48
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Physical exam reveals a capsular pattern, pain, swelling, warmth, and stiffness;
Rheumatoid factor lab work-up

49
Q

Early Arthrosis

A

Capsular pattern,

Review patient history

50
Q

Bucket-Handle Meniscal Lesion

A

Joint line tenderness

51
Q

Posterior Lesion

A

Joint line tenderness

52
Q

Loose Bodies In Adolescents

A

Middle-aged,
Twinges- usually while walking downstairs,
Non-capsular pattern, Typical end-feel,
“Sprain without a sprain”

53
Q

Loose Bodies Complicating Arthrosis

A

Middle-aged,
Twinges- usually while walking downstairs,
Non-capsular pattern, Typical end-feel,
“Sprain without a sprain”

54
Q

Advanced Arthrosis

A

Capsular pattern,

Review patient history

55
Q

Posterior Capsular Strain

A

MOI includes hyper-extension and external rotation

56
Q

Iliotibial tract Bursitis

A

Tenderness upon palpation;
Occurs as a result of repetitive motion,
Over 40 y.o.

57
Q

Lesions at tibial tuberosity

Osgood-Schlatter’s or Avulsion injuries

A

Osgood-schlatter’s (OS) occurs as a result of repetitive quadriceps contraction with running or jumping, usually occurs in adolescents, males more prevalent

Avulsion injuries have similar qualities to OS, but generally patients have difficulty ambulating and occurs suddenly

58
Q

Lesion of Upper Tibiofibular Joint

A

Painful resisted flexion, disappearing with knee in extension

59
Q

S1 Nerve Root Lesion

A

Spinal involvement MOI,
EMG testing,
Reflex testing,
Dermatome/Myotome examination

60
Q

S2 Nerve Root Lesion

A

Spinal involvement MOI,
EMG testing,
Dermatome testing in the popliteal fossa

61
Q

Rotatory Instability

A

Standing posture can include genu varum or hyperextension, possible neurological symptoms (30% of cases)

Knee Conditions (5 decks)

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